Straight-Run Products of a Typical 1980 Crude Oil
Abstract Generated abstract
This paper characterizes the straight-run distillation products of a projected 1980 typical crude oil blend composed of Samotlor, Sovetskoye, Var-Yegan, and Severo-Var-Yegan oils for pipeline transport. It reports yields and quality indices for gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel, catalytic cracking feedstock, lubricating oil fractions, residues, and fuel oils, using standard product testing and adsorption separation on silica gel for oil potential. The results indicate low-sulfur, low-acidity gasoline fractions with low octane numbers, kerosene suitable for illumination but not tractor fuel, jet fuel components with some crystallization limitations, and diesel fractions meeting summer diesel requirements. The crude also provides an 18.6% catalytic cracking fraction, about 21% distillate oils with viscosity index 85, limited residual oil potential, and residues suitable for producing grades 100 and 200 fuel oils.
Full Text
Products of Straight-Run Distillation of a Typical 1980 Crude Oil
K. K. Stramkovskaya, N. M. Smolyaninova, V. K. Zhurba,
G. B. Nemirovskaya
(Presented by the Scientific-Methodological Seminar of the Organic Departments of the Chemical-Technological Faculty)
A typical crude oil is intended for transport through the Aleksandrovskoye—Anzhero-Sudzhensk oil pipeline and is composed of oils from the Samotlor (28.4%), Sovetskoye (21.6%), Var-Yegan (25%), and Severo-Var-Yegan (25%) fields. The adopted percentage ratio corresponds to the production plan for these oils for 1980.
The characteristics of the products of straight-run distillation of the typical crude oil (commercial products) are given in the table.
Gasoline fractions are characterized by the absence of sulfur compounds and by low acidity. Paraffin-naphthenic hydrocarbons predominate in the gasolines, which accounts for their low octane numbers. Thus, the IBP—200°C fraction contains 89% paraffin-naphthenic hydrocarbons and 11% aromatic hydrocarbons, and it has an octane number equal to 45 in neat form.
The 120—240°C fraction meets GOST requirements in all respects for TS-1 jet fuel, while the 120—280°C fraction can be used—
Fig. 1. Curves of the dependence of oil properties on the depth of adsorptive separation of the 350—450°C fraction of the typical 1980 crude oil.
Table 1
Characteristics of commercial products of a typical 1980 crude oil
| Selection temperature, °C | Yield on crude oil, % | Specific gravity, \(d^{20}_{4}\) | Viscosity, cSt at 20°C | Viscosity, cSt at 50°C | Total sulfur, % | Flash point in closed cup, °C | Cloud point, °C | Initial crystallization temperature, °C | Acid number, mg KOH per 100 g fuel | Octane number | Cetane number | Aromatics content, wt. % | Coking tendency, % | Non-smoking flame height, mm | Acidity, mg KOH per 100 ml fraction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ibp–85 | 6.4 | 0.6815 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 67.0 | — | — | — | — | OTC |
| ibp–120 | 12.7 | 0.7125 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 55.0 | — | — | — | — | OTC |
| ibp–150 | 18.6 | 0.7350 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 51.2 | — | — | — | — | 0.46 |
| ibp–200 | 27.8 | 0.7580 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 46.0 | — | 11 | — | — | 0.61 |
| 120–140 | 22.7 | 0.8010 | 1.33 | 5.78* | 0.02 | — | 36 | −64 | 0.92 | — | — | 21 | — | 25 | 0.68 |
| 120–280 | 29.7 | 0.8141 | 1.74 | 8.31* | 0.04 | — | 40 | −52 | 1.28 | — | — | 22 | — | 24 | 1.06 |
| 150–280 | 23.8 | 0.8265 | — | — | 0.08 | — | 53 | −41 | — | 20 | — | — | — | 20 | 1.08 |
| 150–320 | 31.9 | 0.8420 | — | — | 0.18 | — | 59 | −29 | — | 19 | — | — | — | 18 | 1.55 |
| 150–350 | 38.4 | 0.8485 | 3.50 | 2.01 | 0.26 | 68 | −10 | −44 | 1.29 | — | 58 | — | 0.01 | — | 2.09 |
| 200–350 | 29.2 | 0.8550 | 5.40 | 2.80 | 0.37 | 102 | −3 | −27 | 1.36 | — | 57 | — | 0.01 | — | 2.17 |
| 240–350 | 21.6 | 0.8590 | 7.80 | 3.65 | 0.46 | 121 | 3 | −22 | 167 | — | 55 | — | 0.02 | — | 2.37 |
| 350–450 | 18.6 | 0.9040 | 25.00 | 12 | 0.94 | — | — | Feedstock for catalytic cracking and production of oils | — | — | — | 41 | 0.04 | — | — |
* At minus 40°C.
Fig. 2. Curve of the dependence of the properties of oils obtained by deep adsorption separation of the 450–500°C fraction of the typical 1980 crude oil.
Fig. 3. Curves of the dependence of the properties of oils on the depth of adsorption separation of the residue above 500°C of the typical 1980 crude oil.
...used only as a component in the production of jet fuels, since it begins to crystallize at an elevated temperature.
From this crude oil it is possible to obtain illuminating kerosene with good photometric properties, but the kerosene distillates cannot be used as tractor fuel because of their low octane numbers.
Diesel-fuel distillates have high cetane numbers, low sulfur content, and low coking tendency. In all indices these fractions meet the GOST requirements for summer diesel fuel.
The yield of feedstock for catalytic cracking (the 350–450°C fraction) is 18.6%.
The potential content and characteristics of distillate and residual oils, determined by the method of adsorption separation on silica gel according to GOST 11244-65, are shown in Figs. 1–3. According to these data, from the 350–450°C fraction it is possible to obtain 14.5% oils with a viscosity index (VI) of 85. In addition, from the 450–500°C fraction, with the same VI, 6.5% oils were extracted, calculated on crude oil. The total amount of distillate oils with VI 85 is 21%. The residual oils (residue above 500°C) are very viscous; their potential content with VI 83 and a viscosity level at 100°C of 29.80 cSt is 2.2%.
The viscosity properties and pour point of the residues make it possible, in processing this typical crude oil, to obtain fuel oils of grades 100 and 200 with yields of 25.0 and 26.0%, respectively.