Recent Papers

Chemical changes during $\beta$-decay of iodine isotopes as a method for the synthesis of xenon compounds

This paper examines whether chemical changes accompanying beta decay can be used to synthesize and detect xenon compounds, focusing on iodine-131 incorporated in potassium iodate and periodate crystals. The authors prepared radioactive iodide, iodate, and periodate salts, accumulated xenon-131m deca…

On a Stereochemical Approach to Studying the Geometry of the Active Surface of Catalysts

This paper develops a stereochemical approach to probing the geometry and microroughness of catalyst surfaces through hydrogenation of rigid triptycene derivatives. The authors argue that hydrogenation of molecules whose reactive double bond is sterically buried requires protruding active centers wi…

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SIMPLEST SILICATES OF La AND Sm

This paper determines the crystal structures of synthetic lanthanum and samarium silicates previously assigned different stoichiometries in the La2O3, SiO2 and Sm2O3, SiO2 systems. X-ray powder and Weissenberg data, Patterson and electron-density syntheses, and least-squares refinement show that the…

Transition from external friction to viscous flow during surface melting of polymers

This study examines how external friction of polymers changes with temperature during transitions from glassy or crystalline states to highly elastic and fluid states, with particular attention to surface melting. Using a specially developed vacuum tribometer, the authors measured steel on polymer f…

THREE-MEMBERED RINGS WITH A COORDINATION BOND

This study examines whether geminal aminomethylstannanes can form three-membered rings through an intramolecular coordination bond from nitrogen to tin. A series of tin-containing geminal derivatives was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, IR, mass, UV, molecular weight measure…

Correlation of Dissociation Constants of Carboxylic Acids $\mathrm{RCOOH}$ and Taft $\sigma^*$ Constants with Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Frequencies of Halogens in Compounds of the Type $\mathrm{RHal}$

This paper examines whether nuclear quadrupole resonance frequencies of halogen nuclei in compounds of the type RHal correlate with substituent parameters and with the dissociation constants of corresponding carboxylic acids RCOOH. Using literature and original NQR data, mainly at 77 K, together wit…

On the Behavior of Macromolecules as Particles of a Separate Phase in Polymerization-Depolymerization Equilibrium

This paper examines polymerization, depolymerization equilibrium from the thermodynamic viewpoint, focusing on whether macromolecules should be treated as components of a homogeneous solution or as particles of a separate phase. Starting from reversible chain-growth equilibria, it argues that for hi…

In the article by P. N. Galich, I. T. Golubchenko, V. S. Gutyr, V. G. Il’in, and I. E. Neimark, “Zeolite Catalysts with Cations of Metals of the First Group,” published in *Doklady AN*, vol. 161, no. 3, 1965:

Migration of Radical States in the Solid Phase

This study examines whether radical states can migrate through solid organic matrices at temperatures far below melting, a question important for understanding solid-phase radical reactions. Radicals were generated at powder surfaces by a high-frequency discharge at about 77 K and monitored by EPR, …

Synthesis of Disaccharides

This paper examines the application of the orthoester method for forming glycosidic bonds to the synthesis of disaccharides with glycopyranosidic linkages. Sugar orthoacetates were condensed with protected sugar alcohols in boiling nitromethane in the presence of catalytic mercury bromide, giving pr…

Synthesis and Some Reactions of $\beta$ -Alkoxy-Substituted Polymethine Hemicyanine Dyes

This paper examines the conversion of quaternary salts of beta-alkoxypropenyl heterocyclic bases into beta-alkoxy-substituted polymethine hemicyanine dyes. It describes condensations with orthoformate and amines, isoformanilide, diphenylformamidine, and aldehyde dianils, giving tetramethine and high…

On the Activation of Iron by Halide Ions

This study examines whether iron, like other passivating metals, exhibits a critical activation potential in halide-containing solutions, a question complicated by conflicting earlier results in acidic media. Using mainly nonstationary potentiostatic polarization measurements, with supporting galvan…

STUDY OF ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN BIRADICALS OF THE HYDRAZINE SERIES

This paper investigates intramolecular exchange interactions between unpaired electrons in hydrazine-series biradicals containing two hydrazyl groups, using electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of oxidized solutions in dioxane. The authors compare experimental hyperfine structures with calculated…

On the “Suspension” Electrode

The paper develops a theoretical treatment of polarization curves for suspension electrodes, in which metal powder particles transfer charge during collisions with a polarized current collector and then consume that charge in electrochemical reactions. Equations are derived for the suspension-carrie…

Effect of the nature of the salt cation and anion on the state of the coordinated amino group

This study examines how the cation and anion in salts affect the state of the coordinated amino group in aniline complexes of cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc sulfates and halides. Infrared absorption spectra were measured for compounds of the types metal sulfate with two aniline molecules and metal…

ON THE ACTIVITY OF ELECTROLYTICALLY MIXED DEPOSITS OF PLATINUM AND RUTHENIUM IN THE REACTION OF ELECTRO-OXIDATION OF METHANOL

The study examines electrolytically mixed platinum and ruthenium deposits as catalysts for methanol electrooxidation in acidic and alkaline media, motivated by the possibility that mixed platinum metal catalysts can exceed the activity of their components. Deposits with varying ruthenium contents we…

Glass formation in systems containing complexones

This paper examines glass formation and crystallization behavior in aqueous systems containing EDTA complexonates and related complexone salts. Using observations of crystallization, refractive index measurements, infrared spectra, X-ray amorphous characterization, thermographic analysis, and physic…

Synthetic Use of Phosphites of Novolac Resins

This paper examines synthetic transformations of phosphites of novolac resins as routes to oligomeric phosphorus compounds and network polymers. Acid phosphites of novolacs were converted through reactions with chloral, sulfuryl chloride, amines, mercaptans, sulfur chlorides, and related reagents in…

Study of cobalt–carbon and nickel–carbon systems

This study investigates the cobalt, carbon and nickel, carbon systems at carbon concentrations and temperatures beyond those previously examined, with emphasis on phase equilibria at high carbon contents. Alloys were saturated with carbon in graphite crucibles, quenched from high temperatures, and a…

Synthesis and Investigation of Polyalkylene Phosphonates of Certain Metals

This study investigates the synthesis of metal polyalkylenephosphonates from oligomeric and high-molecular-weight polyalkylenephosphinic acids obtained by oxidative chlorophosphination and hydrolysis of polyolefin materials. Salts of alkali, alkaline-earth, and heavy metals were prepared by neutrali…

Observation of EMF during the Epitaxial Growth of Germanium on Germanium Using a Gas-Transport Reaction with Water

This paper investigates electrochemical phenomena during epitaxial growth of germanium on germanium by a gas transport reaction in hydrogen saturated with water vapor. Using a small gap arrangement with two germanium rods and a moving heater, the authors measured the electromotive force and current …

Isomerization of bicyclic hydrocarbons of the composition $\mathrm{C}_9\mathrm{H}_{16}$ in the presence of $\mathrm{AlCl}_3$

This study examines the aluminum chloride catalyzed isomerization of several bridged and fused bicyclic hydrocarbons of composition C9H16, a class whose transformations were less well characterized than those of alkanes and monocycloalkanes. Using gas chromatographic analysis of products formed at 5…

On the four-membered transition state in $\mathrm{S}_E2$ reactions at a saturated carbon atom

This paper argues for a cyclic four-membered transition state in bimolecular electrophilic substitution reactions at saturated carbon atoms in organomercury compounds, especially in nonpolar or weakly polar solvents. Drawing on kinetic order, stereochemical retention, solvent and ligand effects, com…

Zero Line in Vacancy Chromatography as a Basis for Continuous Dosage-Free Analysis

This paper examines the zero line in vacancy chromatography as a basis for continuous analysis without periodic dosing. The authors derive relations showing that, when mixture composition varies with time, the deviation of the zero line is proportional to the rate of change of component concentratio…

Selective Hydrogenation of Dimethylacetylenylcarbinol on Palladium Black in the Presence of Cadmium Ions

This study examines the effect of cadmium sulfate and cadmium chloride on hydrogen sorption and the catalytic behavior of palladium black during hydrogenation of dimethylacetylenylcarbinol. Charging curves and kinetic potential measurements show that cadmium ions adsorbed on palladium shift hydrogen…

On the Mechanism of Alkylation of Phenols with Higher Olefins in the Presence of Cation-Exchange Resins

The paper examines the mechanism of phenol alkylation by higher olefins in the presence of cation exchange resins, with attention to whether alkyl phenyl ethers can form and rearrange under these conditions. Phenoxyoctane, chosen as a relatively resistant normal-chain ether, was synthesized and pass…

On the Products of Oxidative Degradation of Humic Acids

This study examines water-soluble products formed during the natural oxidative degradation of humic acids in weathered coal from a permafrost region of northeastern USSR. Hot-water extracts from Kadykchan coal were acidified, esterified, fractionated by vacuum distillation and partition chromatograp…

PROCESSES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION IN AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS OF QUARTZ IN CONNECTION WITH THE FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE ADSORPTION LAYER OF A LONG-CHAIN SURFACE-ACTIVE MODIFIER

The study examines how adsorption of the long-chain cationic surfactant cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride affects structure formation in concentrated aqueous quartz suspensions. Adsorption, sedimentation volume, and limiting shear stress were measured and compared to infer the development of adso…

Study of the Properties of Rubber Structures Reinforced through Interaction with Carbon Blacks

This study examines the reinforcing action of active carbon blacks in rubber, focusing on the formation and stability of interconnected polymer and filler structures. Unvulcanized and vulcanized systems based on butadiene-styrene rubber, natural rubber, and stereoregular polybutadiene were prepared …

On the Surface Coverage Density of the Dispersed Phase of Lyophobic Sols by Potential-Determining Ions

This study estimates the surface charge density of lyophobic sols from the adsorption of counterions at electrolyte concentrations causing coagulation. Hydrophobic sols of arsenic sulfide, antimony sulfide, mercury sulfide, silver iodide, and manganese dioxide were examined by direct radiometric mea…

Effect of Ultrasound on the Coagulation Structures of Aqueous Dispersions of Kaolinite and Monothermite

This study examines how ultrasonic treatment affects coagulation structures in aqueous dispersions of Glukhovets kaolinite and Chasov Yar monothermite within the framework of physicochemical mechanics of disperse systems. Using structural-mechanical measurements, X-ray analysis, and electron microsc…

Interaction Energy of Simple Molecules with Faujasite-Type Zeolites

This paper calculates the interaction energy of simple adsorbate molecules with faujasite type zeolites, addressing both dispersion forces and induction effects in the electrostatic field of the lattice. Using an idealized zeolite model, the authors sum Lennard-Jones interactions with 111 nearby oxy…

Comparative Study of Chemical Ripening and Photolysis of Photographic Emulsions

This study compares chemical ripening and photolysis in photographic emulsions in order to clarify common features of the topochemical and photochemical transformations that determine image quality. Using photometric measurements, oxidation to separate surface from internal centers, and comparison w…

A new one-step route to the synthesis of steroidal cis- $16\alpha$ ; $17\alpha$ -diols from $\alpha$ -keto oxides

A one-stage method is described for converting alpha-keto epoxides into cis-16 alpha,17 alpha-diols using carbethoxyhydrazine sulfate in aqueous dioxane at room temperature. The authors argue, from observations on hydrazone formation and subsequent acid treatment, that the reaction proceeds through …

REVERSIBLE PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF CHLOROPHYLL BY NITRO COMPOUNDS

This study examines the reversible photochemical oxidation of chlorophyll a by aromatic nitro compounds, motivated by the proposed role of excited chlorophyll as an electron donor in photosynthetic photochemistry. Using low-temperature frozen alcohol, glycerol solutions, absorption spectroscopy, act…

Corrections to the Article “On the Molecular Orbital Theory of the Diamagnetism of Cyclic Molecules. Calculation of the Magnetic Anisotropy of Cyclopropane” (Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 157, No. 6, 1964)

This letter corrects several formulas and conclusions in the author’s earlier article on the molecular orbital theory of diamagnetism in cyclic molecules and the magnetic anisotropy of cyclopropane. It states that specified paramagnetic tensor terms should be zero, invalidating the previous argument…

Exchange Currents in Pure Molten Silver Nitrate

The paper addresses the difficulty of measuring activation overvoltage and exchange currents for rapid metal deposition and dissolution processes in pure molten salts, focusing on silver in molten silver nitrate. It develops a method based on overvoltage versus time curves during initial electrolysi…

On cis- and trans-configurations of propenyl compounds of $\mathrm{As}^{\mathrm{III}}$ , $\mathrm{Hg}^{\mathrm{II}}$ and $\mathrm{Sn}^{\mathrm{IV}}$

This paper examines the use of infrared absorption spectra to distinguish cis and trans configurations in propenyl organometallic compounds of trivalent arsenic, divalent mercury, and tetravalent tin. Spectra of cis and trans tripropenylarsine, propenylmercury chloride, and tetrapropenyltin are comp…

Investigation of normal iminodiacetates of some metals by infrared spectroscopy

Infrared spectra were measured for iminodiacetic acid, its potassium salts, several neutral alkaline earth and trivalent metal iminodiacetates, and selected deuterated analogues in order to assign N-H, C-H, C-N, and carboxyl stretching bands and assess metal-nitrogen bonding. Comparison of frequency…

Radiation-Chemical Oxidation of Potassium Iodide in Solutions Saturated with Nitrous Oxide

This study examines the radiation chemical oxidation of potassium iodide in aqueous solutions saturated with nitrous oxide under cobalt-60 gamma irradiation, with emphasis on how pH affects the yields of free iodine and nitrogen. By measuring product yields in 0.05 and 0.5 M potassium iodide solutio…

The Order of Addition of Trialkylsilanes to Unsaturated Alcohols

The study examines the direction of addition of trialkylsilanes to several unsaturated alcohols, including methylethynylcarbinol, dimethylethynylcarbinol, and methyltrifluoromethylethynylcarbinol. Using chloroplatinic acid or platinum on carbon catalysis, the authors show that hydrosilylation procee…

Study of Vanadyl Chloride Solutions in Organic Solvents by Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and EPR Spectroscopy

Infrared absorption and EPR spectroscopy were used to examine the state of the V=O bond in solutions of hydrated vanadyl chloride in several organic solvents, with attention to the effects of added water and temperature. The infrared spectra show a solvent-independent V=O band at 1014 cm⁻¹ assigned …

Chain-Thermal Self-Ignition in Systems with Energy Branching

This paper develops an analytical description of chain-thermal self-ignition in hydrogen halogenation systems where energy branching may occur through vibrationally excited hydrogen halide molecules. A kinetic scheme for chlorination or fluorination is coupled with an adiabatic heat-balance equation…

ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS OF MOLYBDENUM

Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study Mo(V) complexes in concentrated hydrobromic acid and in mixed hydrochloric and hydrobromic acid solutions. Measurements at about 10,000 MHz showed that Mo(V) in hydrobromic acid gives an isotropic spectrum assigned to the bromide complex, with g = 1.…

Effect of Illumination on the Adsorption Capacity of Some Oxides

This exploratory study investigates how illumination affects the adsorption capacity of more than thirty oxide powders toward oxygen, hydrogen, and methane. Samples were pretreated by heating and evacuation, exposed to gases at low pressure after dark adsorption equilibrium or near equilibrium, and …

Synthesis of $3$-vinylquinuclidine

This paper addresses the difficult synthesis of 3-vinylquinuclidine, where earlier approaches often gave mixtures with the isomeric 3-ethylidenequinuclidine. A preparative route is described in which quinuclidone-3 is converted to 3-formylquinuclidine and then treated with triphenylmethylenephosphor…

On the Polymerization of Imides of Unsaturated Dicarboxylic Acids

This paper examines the radical polymerization behavior of N-substituted imides of citraconic acid, with primary attention to N-methylcitraconimide, in relation to the structure of related unsaturated dicarboxylic acid derivatives. Polymerization experiments with initiators, kinetic measurements, in…

On the Relationship Between Proton Chemical Shift and Taft Inductive $\sigma^*$ Constants

This paper examines why observed proton chemical shifts in CHXYZ-type compounds do not directly correlate with Taft inductive sigma constants, despite both being related to substituent effects on electron density. Using semiempirical anisotropy corrections derived from carbon-13 proton spin coupling…

Correlation between Taft $\sigma^*$ Constants and Information Entropy in Aromatic Substitution Reactions

This paper examines whether Shannon information entropy, calculated from the isomer distribution in aromatic substitution of monosubstituted benzenes, correlates with Taft polar substituent constants. Using product distributions for nitration in acetic anhydride and chlorination in acetic acid, the …

A NEW METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING POLYMERS WITH CONJUGATED BONDS AND THEIR ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES

A method is described for synthesizing nitrogen-containing polymers with conjugated C=N bonds in the main chain from amides and ammonium salts of mono- and dibasic organic acids, using zinc chloride as dehydrating agent and catalyst under autoclave heating. The resulting colored, insoluble, infusibl…