SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper describes a layer-by-layer milling technology for producing peat-mineral-ammonia fertilizers in Belarus using existing peat-harvesting machinery supplemented by mineral fertilizer spreaders and the AP-2 ammonia feeder. It outlines the production sequence, dosing calculations, machine requ…
This article reviews the work of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Peat Industry on developing and applying peat-based organic and mineral fertilizers for podzolic soils in the non-chernozem zone, especially in Leningrad Oblast. It describes field and factory technologies for produc…
This article describes the first agricultural bog drainage project in Tomsk Oblast, the 1032 hectare Shegaro-Iksa site, and places it within broader plans to reclaim bog lands for hayfields and arable use. Based on field surveys, soil and geobotanical investigations, hydrological calculations, and e…
This paper examines the agricultural development of peat bogs in Tomsk Oblast, where extensive waterlogged areas represent a potential reserve for cultivation but require methods adapted to peat soil conditions. Drawing on long-term experiments at the Bakchar reclamation station and comparative obse…
This paper examines the agricultural use of peat resources from the West Siberian Lowland as a means of improving fertilizer supply and efficiency under regional constraints on mineral fertilizers and manure availability. Drawing on literature, soil-zone data, laboratory work, and field and vessel e…
This paper discusses preliminary exploration of large peat deposits in the heavily waterlogged West Siberian Lowland, where peat assessment was linked to broader plans for developing oil, gas, iron ore, and other natural resources. Drawing on work by Giprotorfrazvedka in Tomsk and neighboring region…
This article assesses the economic prospects for draining and comprehensively developing the southeastern sector of the Vasyuganskoye peat deposit in Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions as part of broader resource development in Western Siberia. Drawing on preliminary reserve estimates, peat quality indic…
This paper examines the agricultural potential of bogs and waterlogged lands in the central and northern West Siberian Plain, where peat deposits and wetland areas greatly exceed the existing area of cultivated land in several districts. Using land-use statistics, reclamation reports, and examples f…
This paper surveys the scale, characteristics, and prospective uses of peat resources in the West Siberian Lowland, described as the largest peat accumulation region in the USSR and a major global peat province. It argues that geological exploration, mapping, drainage studies, and technical-economic…
This article examines the agricultural use of peat fertilizers in Tomsk Oblast, where large peat reserves contrast with historically limited application in farming. Drawing on farm observations, yield records, peat surveys, and early mechanized procurement at deposits such as Tagan bog, it argues th…
The paper develops a topological invariant, called the rotation of a multivalued vector field, for completely continuous multivalued mappings with convex values. In finite-dimensional spaces, the rotation is defined through sufficiently fine single-valued simplicial approximations, equivalently thro…
This paper develops an approximate Green’s function method for analyzing ferromagnetic resonance in a system of interacting magnetic moments subject to constant and high-frequency magnetic fields, including exchange, anisotropic exchange, and demagnetizing interactions. It first gives the exact zero…
This paper studies the computation of normalized equilibrium points in concave n-person games on a bounded convex feasible set defined by concave constraints, under a strict monotonicity condition on the vector of partial payoff gradients. It presents two algorithms: one reformulates the problem as …
This paper describes elements of a multichannel analog-to-digital converter intended for bipolar input voltages in automatic control and regulation systems. The converter uses comparison of the input signal with a bipolar sawtooth voltage, generated by a conventional sawtooth generator with compensa…
The paper describes the use of read-only memory in a computing unit for stabilizing betatron radiation intensity by controlling the phase of the injection pulse. The authors formulate the required computation as a product of functions of injection voltage and magnetic-field strength, and propose sto…
This survey examines the development of Erwin Krupp’s problem, the central-projection analogue of the fundamental theorem of axonometry, concerning when a prescribed planar Desargues configuration can represent a given spatial configuration. It reviews Krupp’s original theorems and subsequent proofs…
This paper presents compensation methods for measuring very small nonlinear distortions in amplifiers, addressing cases where conventional distortion meters are inadequate below about 0.05 percent. The proposed circuits balance out the fundamental harmonic by means of an auxiliary divider and measur…
This paper reports an experimental investigation of photoelectric converters for precision alternating-current comparison, using special low-power incandescent lamps together with KFDM silicon photodiodes. Motivated by the insufficient time stability of available photoresistors, the authors measure …
This paper examines design principles for measuring amplifiers whose long-term gain instability must be substantially below the accuracy of existing instruments. It reviews stabilization of supply and operating conditions, disturbance compensation, deep negative feedback, and built-in calibration, t…
The paper addresses engineering calculation of inductance and air-gap dimensions for electromagnetic devices, such as linear chokes, transreactors, and inductive sensors, built on standardized rod cores with nonmagnetic gaps. It proposes using dimensionless graphical dependences based on the fictiti…
The article describes the development and testing of the GK-4 calibrated AC voltage reference source, an improved generator-calibrator intended for checking AC voltmeters. It explains modifications to the earlier GK-3 design, including a 9 V reference level, a built-in simplified DC potentiometer, t…
The paper addresses verification of attenuation boxes at elevated frequencies, where conventional voltage-ratio methods and existing procedures are inadequate for assessing frequency error over the required range. It proposes determining attenuation from the measured characteristic and short-circuit…
This paper presents a simple null-indicator circuit for detecting whether two input voltages are in quadrature over a broad frequency range. The method adds a constant 90 degree phase displacement using matched RC networks, then tests for a zero potential point on a potentiometer when the transforme…
This paper examines stability problems in transistor threshold devices used in automatic control and measuring systems, focusing on effects often neglected in earlier analyses: collector junction thermal current and the nonlinear input resistance of the transistor. The authors reduce two common inpu…
This paper analyzes frequency independent errors in thermoelectric converters used for AC to DC comparison, focusing on asymmetry error and transfer error caused by Thomson and Peltier effects. It extends earlier calculations for a homogeneous heater by including radiative heat losses, deriving stea…
This paper examines the design of transistor instrumentation amplifier sections using deep negative feedback without frequency response correction, with emphasis on stable, economical two-stage circuits suitable for production. It compares two direct-coupled circuit variants and argues for one arran…
This paper examines the frequency limitations of analog dividing devices in comparison with multiplier devices, focusing on how the bounded dynamic range of the divisor affects passband requirements. It represents division as multiplication by the reciprocal of the divisor, models the divisor as a s…
This paper develops a theoretical model for using a solenoid immersed in a weak electrolyte solution to monitor solution properties by the eddy-current method. Unlike treatments in which the liquid is only outside the coil and displacement currents are neglected, the analysis considers an imperfect …
This paper introduces a mixed connection mode for eddy-current sensors, in which the measuring circuit responds simultaneously to changes in the induced electromotive force and in the impedance of the measuring winding. The authors analyze a bridge implementation and show that, although it illustrat…
This paper analyzes startup control methods for electric contact installations used to heat moving wire, with particular attention to the initial “filling” section located between current supplying contacts at startup. Starting from previously derived steady state heating relations, the authors comp…
This paper describes an automated teaching device constructed at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute for presenting a sequence of 15 multiple-choice problems without an instructor. The machine projects each problem from film, records the selected and correct answers and solution time on paper tape, signals …
This paper analyzes statistical errors in a betatron injection phasing control channel, focusing on the transformation of pulses from a permalloy zero magnetic-field sensor under noise and line-voltage fluctuations. The signal is approximated by a cosine pulse and passed through first-order filterin…
The paper develops a mathematical description of an automatic disturbance-control system for regulating the electron-injection phase in a betatron, with attention to relativistic effects at high injection voltages. It derives approximate models relating injection timing to magnetic-field amplitude, …
This paper develops an expanded structural diagram of a betatron installation treated as a control object, relating the electromagnet, injector, pulse formation, acceleration, measurement, and regulation subsystems. The authors describe how dynamic, nonlinear, pulse, delay, summing, and multiplier e…
This paper analyzes systematic drift in a floated integrating gyroscope mounted on an angularly oscillating base, with attention to how drift depends on gyroscope parameters, base motion, and disturbing torques. Starting from the gyroscope equation of motion, the study derives a reduced Volterra int…
The paper addresses limitations of existing Boolean descriptions of potential-pulse relay devices, particularly their inability to represent pulse duration, inverse pulse signals, and the signal transitions that generate pulses. It introduces two logical transition operators for pulses produced by 0…
The paper develops the analogy, attributed to A. A. Vorob'ev, between electron motion in atoms and in cyclic accelerators, treating the synchrotron as a possible "macroatom." It argues from the author's self-oscillatory deterministic quantum mechanics that classical trajectories with superposed quan…
This paper develops kinetic descriptions for the accumulation of F-centers in irradiated ionic crystals, emphasizing that potential anion sites may transform directly into F-centers as well as through anion vacancies. It formulates several three-state models, including nonchain and unbranched chain …
This paper proposes a mechanism for vacancy migration in ionic crystal lattices as an alternative or supplement to the conventional Frenkel jump picture. The authors model a vacancy and neighboring ion as an asymmetric dipole whose rotational and oscillatory motion can allow the vacancy to transfer …
This article develops an analogy between hydrogen-like atoms and cyclic electron accelerators, especially synchrotrons, treating the accelerator as a macroscopic model of an atom. It compares stable orbital motion, radiation losses, and quantum emission in atomic systems and accelerator beams, drawi…
Electron irradiation of aluminophosphate glasses was studied to examine coloration, conductivity changes, electrical breakdown, and mechanical damage induced by accumulated charge. Specimens of two composition groups were irradiated with 1.25 MeV electrons, and the resulting optical absorption, disc…
This paper examines how the classical Debye theory of dielectric relaxation in solid dielectrics should be modified at low temperatures, where lattice behavior becomes quantum mechanical. Using a simple two-position dipole relaxator model, the authors recalculate the jump probability and relaxation …
This paper reports measurements of the absorption of bremsstrahlung radiation with maximum energies from 250 to 1000 MeV in graphite, aluminum, copper, and lead. Using a photographic method, the authors examine depth and radial distributions of absorbed energy and compare how the curves depend on ra…
This study examines the depth and radial distribution of absorbed energy in copper under high energy bremsstrahlung from the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute synchrotron, with incident photon energies from 250 to 1000 MeV. Using a photographic dosimetry method with X-ray films placed at different depths …
A low-temperature differential microcalorimeter is described for measuring the small quantities of stored energy released during annealing of irradiated crystals. The installation uses paired specimen ampoules, radiation shields with automatic tracking control, thermobattery detection of thermal imb…
This paper examines the theoretical formulation of fast electron transport in matter, a problem relevant to radiation physics, space technology, dosimetry, electron therapy, and related applications. Starting from the integro-differential Boltzmann equation, the authors discuss the approximations ap…
This paper examines radiation induced defects in alkali halide crystals through electrophysical measurements, emphasizing electrical conductivity and dielectric losses as complements to optical and luminescence methods. Experiments on proton, electron, and X-ray irradiated NaCl, KCl, KBr, KI, NaBr, …
This paper examines lattice recovery and radiation decomposition in reactor-irradiated alkali halide crystals, focusing on potassium chloride, potassium bromide, and sodium bromide with selected impurities. Using optical absorption, bleaching, annealing, and electric-field treatments, it compares th…
This paper examines a martensitic-type transformation observed in single crystals of potassium halides, especially KCl and irradiated KBr, in which recrystallized grains nucleate at surfaces and grow into the parent crystal with twin-like orientation. On the basis of optical observations of grain mo…
This paper analyzes, within classical electrodynamics, the radiation of a charged particle moving in constant, uniform, orthogonal electric and magnetic fields for the case in which the electric field does not exceed the magnetic field. Using the parametric solution of the particle motion and a dire…
