SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper develops a statistical description of fluctuations in the number of quanta in a betatron bremsstrahlung beam, motivated by the need to estimate experimental accuracy and device sensitivity in applications such as radiation flaw detection and introscopy. Using a model in which pulsed accel…
Thermoluminescence of X-ray irradiated CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2 crystals is examined to compare radiation-induced defects in alkaline earth fluorides with the fluorite lattice. Measurements of thermal-bleaching curves, emitted light sum versus absorbed dose and storage time, and the effects of YF3 activ…
This study examines how gamma irradiation affects the microhardness of alkali and alkaline earth metal fluoride crystals, focusing on the relation between hardness, lattice energy, and crystal type. Microhardness was measured for LiF, NaF, CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2 crystals before irradiation, after coba…
This paper examines why irradiated calcium fluoride crystals exhibit either the Smakula absorption spectrum or a Mollow-type spectrum after coloration. Using heat treatment, irradiation by x rays, electrons, and protons, and comparison with sodium-doped and synthesized crystals, the authors relate t…
This study examines the origin of radiation-induced absorption bands in calcium fluoride crystals by measuring spectra from 130 to 1000 mµ after X-ray, gamma-ray, and proton irradiation. Natural, laboratory-grown, and yttrium-doped CaF2 crystals were compared through dose-dependent growth curves and…
This study examines whether regularities known for alkali halide crystals also apply to the electrical properties and radiation response of alkaline earth metal fluorides. Measurements of conductivity and dielectric loss in CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2 single crystals before and after gamma irradiation, wit…
This paper investigates radiation-stimulated adsorption in alkaline-earth fluorides, focusing on CaF2 and SrF2 powders exposed to gamma radiation from Co60. Degassed samples were sealed in manometric lamps to monitor gas absorption and evolution during irradiation and subsequent heating, with compar…
This study examines stored energy produced by radiation defects in single crystals of alkaline earth metal fluorides, using calcium, strontium, and barium fluoride grown by the Stockbarger method. Stored energy was measured by differential thermal analysis after irradiation with x-rays, gamma rays, …
This review examines absorption spectra and color centers in alkaline earth metal fluorides, with emphasis on CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2 crystals subjected to additive, electrolytic, and radiation coloration. It summarizes reported spectral bands, the influence of impurities, oxygen contamination, lattice…
This paper examines how radiation stability should be evaluated for alkaline earth metal fluorides by distinguishing reversible defect formation from irreversible structural change. Using differential thermal analysis to estimate stored energy and gas evolution during heating to assess radiolysis pr…
This paper reviews physicochemical properties of alkaline earth metal fluorides, chiefly calcium, strontium, and barium fluorides, in comparison with other halides and related fluoride compounds. It relates their high chemical and thermal stability, low solubility, absence of crystalline hydrates, o…
The paper develops an analytical treatment of crystal face growth by a polynuclear mechanism, relaxing the assumption that each layer is completed by a single two-dimensional nucleus before another appears. Under assumptions of an infinite face, constant growth conditions, point-like supercritical n…
The paper studies factorization of mappings from normal spaces into metric spaces with simultaneous control of topological weight and dimension on specified systems of subsets. It introduces several forms of factorizability and proves reduction lemmas showing that factorization for spaces with count…
This paper describes a gas-cumulative explosive technique for accelerating solid particles to very high velocities for studies of high-velocity impact. It outlines the use of hollow cylindrical explosive charges that generate a cumulative jet of detonation products, gives approximate design conditio…
This paper formulates a local decision rule for animal behavior under a homeostatic principle in which organisms minimize the time integral of weighted deviations from normal physiological states. Starting from a law of exclusivity that permits only one need reducing reaction at a time, it models al…
The paper addresses the difficulty of representing power transformers with variable transformation ratios on direct-current computing devices, especially when supply-side voltage deviations and on-load tap changers create many possible operating conditions. It proposes selecting transformer ratios b…
This paper reviews how technological conditions in vacuum evaporation determine the structure and properties of thin films, including crystallinity, grain size, continuity, defects, adhesion, and internal stress. It discusses film formation through surface mobility, nucleation, and island growth, th…
This paper examines how the geometrical dimensions of rotor disks, conductor conveyors, and inductors affect the electrical characteristics of disk electrostatic generators with cascade-connected conveyor conductors. Using an experimental single-disk generator operated in carbon dioxide, the study v…
This paper examines the analogy between the destruction of solid nonconducting materials by explosive charges and by pulsed electrical breakdown. It compares the physical conditions that generate destructive stress waves in both cases, including high localized pressures and temperatures, specific en…
This paper develops a calculation procedure for choosing the compensating capacitance and cable characteristic impedance in high-voltage pulse front-sharpening circuits used for electropulse discharge processes in liquids and solid dielectrics. The authors express the discharge-circuit utilization c…
This paper presents a computer-based calculation of attenuation, distortion, and energy losses of high-voltage unipolar pulses in coaxial transmission systems of varying length and construction. Using frequency-dependent transmission-line parameters, general expressions for attenuation and phase coe…
This paper develops a graphical and analytical procedure for estimating attenuation and waveform distortion of high-voltage unipolar pulses transmitted through oil-filled coaxial lines made from steel tubes. It derives primary line parameters, propagation coefficients, frequency characteristics, and…
This paper addresses the calculation of electromagnetic processes in three-phase rectifier installations, where direct analytical treatment is difficult for circuits with realistic transformer leakage, valve characteristics, and active-inductive loads. It develops analog-computer models for single-w…
The paper examines methodological errors in measuring nanosecond magnetization reversal of ferrites subjected to strong pulsed magnetic fields. Using a transmission-line pulse setup and control experiments, it evaluates whether the ferrite equivalent resistance and the self-inductance of the measuri…
This paper investigates how much energy is deposited in a nichrome wire by the onset of electrical explosion in an aperiodic RLC discharge circuit. Using a fixed capacitance and inductance while varying the charging voltage from 4.5 to 17 kV, the authors measure current, voltage, explosion timing, d…
This paper describes the construction and operation of a high-power nanosecond pulse generator using a multisection gas microgap spark switch filled with nitrogen. The generator employs RK-106 shaping and transmission cables, a 50 kV charging device, and a trigger circuit capable of pushbutton or ex…
This paper describes a vacuum system designed for thin film deposition by evaporation while reducing contamination from oil vapors and macroscopic particles emitted by evaporators. The installation uses a glass bell jar, water-cooled metal base, fluoroplastic or replaceable metal seals, titanium get…
The paper addresses the design of 10 to 0.4 kV distribution networks, where conductor cross sections are commonly chosen by permissible voltage loss criteria without explicitly considering energy losses or economic damage from voltage deviations at load nodes. It proposes an expanded annual cost fun…
This paper develops a techno-economic optimization procedure for single-phase three-winding power transformers with high-voltage and medium-voltage disk windings and a low-voltage helical winding. A cost function combining manufacturing and operating costs is expressed through transformer dimensions…
This study examines the reliability of polyethylene insulation subjected to repeated impulse voltages resembling switching overvoltages. Cylindrical specimens with coaxial electrodes were tested in transformer oil using a pulse generator at 232 kV, and failures were analyzed statistically through th…
This paper examines how near-cathode negative space charge affects the pulsed electric strength of alkali-halide single crystals within a multi-avalanche streamer model of breakdown. Rock salt and potassium bromide specimens with graphite, electrolyte, or liquid electrodes were subjected to prelimin…
The paper examines how a conducting channel forms and expands during electrical breakdown in rock salt, starting from observations that breakdown channels have smooth melted edges and small initial diameters. It estimates channel resistance and energy input after electrode closure, then compares cal…
This paper investigates impulse breakdown in composite insulation made of fluoroplastic-4 and transformer oil under a strongly nonuniform rod-plane electric field. Using a 480 kV impulse-voltage generator, the authors measured 50 percent breakdown voltages for different ratios of solid dielectric th…
This paper investigates how thin polymer film barriers affect the impulse breakdown voltage of technical glass in a sharply nonuniform point to plane electric field. Experiments with glass plate specimens in transformer oil used polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, poly…
This paper examines how the impulse electrical strength of solid dielectrics depends on the rate of rise of nonstandard overvoltages relevant to switching conditions. Using oblique-front exponential impulses over a wide steepness range, the study measures breakdown voltages and scatter for ice and b…
This paper examines how to determine the width and depth of chip-breaking ledges on drills used for deep drilling, where effective chip fragmentation is essential for productive operation. Using face turning of steel bushings to model different sections of a drill cutting edge, the study measures te…
This paper reports plant tests of a heavily loaded two-motor overhead conveyor equipped with safety hydrodynamic fluid couplings, addressing synchronization, load sharing, starting behavior, and overload protection in long multi-drive conveyor routes. Using oscillographic measurements of coupling wh…
This paper develops a method for calculating the magnetic circuit of a transformer-type angle transducer operating in a low-saturation regime, where air-gap permeances dominate and steel reluctance is neglected. The approach uses field-pattern construction, following B. K. Bul’s magnetic-circuit met…
This paper addresses the need for a simple, reliable instrument to measure the capacity of adjustable mine auxiliary ventilation fans under operating conditions, where vibration, humidity, dust, and temperature variation limit conventional devices. It examines a flow-around flowmeter with a pivoting…
This paper analyzes methods for measuring the capacity of adjustable mine auxiliary ventilation fans under operating conditions, with emphasis on axial fans controlled by rotation of inlet guide apparatus blades. It compares measurement by static pressure, dynamic pressure, partial air flow, and tot…
This paper examines the mechanical condition and continued serviceability of older domestic and imported hoisting machines operating in Kuzbass mines after 15 to 25 years of use under changed loads, depths, and operating regimes. It presents an inspection method combining recorded velocity and accel…
This paper addresses the calculation of maximum forces in the brake rods of mine hoisting machines, a requirement for assessing brake component strength and maximum braking torque. It distinguishes statically determinate and indeterminate brake systems, derives formulas for service and safety brakin…
This paper addresses the problem of unreliable slack rope protection in mine hoisting installations and proposes monitoring slack by comparing the expected relative positions of the two conveyances in the shaft. It describes limit switch circuits that stop the hoist when this positional corresponden…
This paper examines how specimen geometry and end friction influence the measured uniaxial compressive strength of rocks and other brittle granular materials. It proposes a visual mechanical model in which the material is represented as densely packed spheres, using this scheme to explain internal f…
This paper examines how chip thickness affects the nonuniform loading of the cutting chain drive in bar-type earth-cutting machines operating in frozen soils. Using experimental relationships between the load-variation factor, defined as the ratio of maximum to average torque on the drive-sprocket s…
The paper examines limiting operating modes of a bar-type chain working member used to cut frozen ground, focusing on the need to match soil loosening productivity with the chain’s capacity to lift loosened material from the kerf. It develops a balance model for the formation, circulation, and remov…
This paper formulates the traction balance and equation of motion for a bar-type earth-cutting machine operating on inclined ground while cutting frozen soil. It decomposes rolling resistance, grade resistance, inertial resistance, and soil-cutting resistance, then derives the cutting and feed force…
This paper develops a methodology for choosing rational technological schemes for winter excavation of frozen soil using bar-type chain earth-cutting machines together with excavating equipment. It argues that scheme selection should be based on experimentally determined slot-cutting parameters, esp…
This paper develops a methodology for studying operating modes of bar-type earth-cutting machines, using experiments in thawed sandy soil as a basis for later winter and frozen-soil investigations. The authors record torque, rotational speed, feed force, and feed speed to relate power consumption, c…
