SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper compares nonlinear ferrite differentiating devices with conventional linear inductive differentiators for producing high-voltage nanosecond pulses. Using an exponential input pulse model, the author derives the output waveform and amplitude dependence for a linear inductance circuit, then…
The paper compares high-voltage nanosecond pulse differentiation using a conventional linear inductance with a nonlinear ferrite differentiating element. It derives the output waveform and amplitude dependence for a linear differentiating circuit with an exponential input front, then contrasts the c…
This paper addresses the calculation of currents and voltages in rectifier circuits with a valve using a piecewise-linear approximation of the valve characteristic. It focuses on the fitting method, in which separate intervals of valve operation are described by linear differential equations, and ex…
This paper presents an approximate method for calculating the external characteristic of an electrostatic generator with cascade-connected conductor conveyors. It analyzes the effect of natural recharging, in which electrostatic induction between neighboring conveyors increases the short-circuit and…
This paper analyzes disk electrostatic generators with cascade-connected conductor conveyors, focusing on how neighboring-conveyor capacitance and the number of rotor conductors affect current, voltage characteristics, and armature reaction. Using electrostatic equations expressed through partial ca…
This paper examines the operation of a multipole electrostatic generator using an experimental three pole pair model with cascade connected conveyor conductors and contact commutation. Short circuit and external characteristics are measured for different pole pair configurations and compared with ca…
This paper presents a method for calculating the external characteristic of an electrostatic generator with a cascade connection of transporter conductors. Using electrostatic analogy, the generator is represented by a chain equivalent circuit in which partial capacitances are replaced by conductanc…
This paper develops an approximate theory for the working section of an ion-convection generator, in which a gas or liquid stream transports charge from an ionizer to a collector to produce high voltage. Using Poisson’s equation and current continuity under axial symmetry, with simplifying assumptio…
The paper analyzes specific power limits of disk electrostatic generators, focusing on designs with parallel pole connection and cascade connection of charge carriers. Using simplified geometric constraints, field-strength limits, and rotor-volume estimates, it derives expressions for maximum specif…
This paper reviews the renewed theoretical and practical interest in electrostatic machines as high-voltage energy converters, emphasizing advances in dielectric materials, strong-field design, and analogies with electromagnetic machines. It compares electrostatic generators with conductor and diele…
This paper studies functional completeness for the class of functions definable in Smetanich’s three-valued logic, corresponding to Jaśkowski’s first matrix. It characterizes this class as the intersection of two preservation classes, equivalently by an identity involving double negation, and shows …
The paper studies how the derivative relation for Jacobi orthogonal polynomials changes when the Jacobi weight is multiplied by a positive Lipschitz factor. For polynomials orthonormal with respect to \((1-x)^\alpha(1+x)^\beta q(x)\), with \(\alpha,\beta \geq -1/2\), it proves that the derivative is…
This paper examines whether magnetic storms with sudden commencements can be used for deep magnetotelluric sounding of the Earth’s electrical structure. It applies a nonstationary processing method based on integral transforms of simultaneous electric and magnetic field records, allowing the initial…
This paper presents a strength calculation procedure for thin-walled rotating cylindrical shells used in chemical equipment, such as rotating autoclaves and kilns, under combined internal pressure, bending, and torsion. Treating the shell as a hollow beam on elastic supports, it separates the assess…
This paper examines how niobium additions and heat treatment affect the magnetic susceptibility of high-manganese austenitic steel in strong magnetic fields. The authors describe a ponderomotive apparatus for relative magnetic analysis at fields of about 10,000 oersteds and apply it to cast and quen…
This paper examines the production of small ball bearing rings from centrifugally cast ShKh15 steel without subsequent hot working, focusing on heat treatments capable of giving cast rings properties comparable to forged rings. The study compares casting conditions and heat-treatment schedules aimed…
This paper examines whether accelerated short-term tempering at elevated temperature affects the cutting performance of tools made from R18 high-speed steel. Cutters quenched under identical factory conditions were subjected either to conventional triple tempering at 560°C or to equivalent short-ter…
This paper addresses the control of accelerated short-time tempering regimes for high-speed steel, where heating periods and temperature fluctuations become significant relative to the brief holding time. Using magnetometric monitoring of retained austenite decomposition in hardened R18 steel, it re…
This study examines dispersion hardening and heat resistance in cast iron based cobalt tungsten alloys, including the effects of molybdenum substitution and carbon additions during tempering. Alloys of varied cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, and carbon contents were vacuum induction melted, cast into m…
This paper compares two machining schemes for milling chip flutes in disk relieved cutters, focusing on accumulated circular pitch error that can later increase cutting-edge runout during relieving. It analyzes the effects of system rigidity and skew between the arbor axis and the dividing-head spin…
This paper investigates how wear of a carbide turning tool affects cutting force components during machining of ShKh15 steel. The authors describe an experimental method using a three-component dynamometer, temperature recording, photographic measurement of the actual clearance angle, and Wood’s all…
This study examines how the hardness of ShKh15 steel affects chip formation during turning with carbide tools, as an alternative to grinding hardened steels. Experiments on through hardened bushings with Brinell hardness from about 200 to 500 measured cutting force components, cutting temperature, c…
This paper examines the stresses associated with shear-chip formation, focusing on crack initiation, crack propagation, and brittle fracture of a chip element during cutting. Experiments were performed in free cutting of LS59-1 brass at low speed, with synchronized force recording, cine filming, chi…
The paper describes a method and apparatus for studying cutting tool wear without repeatedly removing and resetting the tool, a procedure that can alter experimental conditions and makes direct profilographic recording difficult. The authors propose casting inverse replicas of worn tool surfaces wit…
This paper reports experimental measurements of drilling forces and temperatures for cast heat-resistant steels EN316 and Kh25SN3D and rolled acid-resistant steel 1Kh18N9T using high-speed-steel drills on a rigidly instrumented vertical drilling machine. Axial force, torque, and relative average cut…
This paper examines why Brinell hardness measurements of LS-59-1 brass vary substantially with applied load and ball diameter, despite satisfying commonly recommended indentation diameter limits. Experiments using 5 mm and 10 mm balls show that measured hardness remains nearly constant only within l…
This paper examines the pressure-dependent compliance of flexible cord-metal hoses used in hydraulic drives and controls of machine tools and machines, where hose deformation can affect flow pulsations and dynamic behavior. The authors propose using a compliance coefficient, defined as the relative …
This paper presents a two-pump follow-up hydromechanism for machine-tool automation that uses a servo spool to provide flow feedback and reduce errors caused by load-dependent displacement of the tracking spool. The mechanism is analyzed through its operating principle, static force and velocity cha…
This paper addresses the dynamic calculation of relief pressure regulators with overflow spools in machine tool hydraulic systems, focusing on sensitivity, response speed, and pressure stability during transient operating changes. It develops a graphical analytical method based on continuity, flow, …
This paper describes the development and testing of an experimental earthmoving machine intended to mechanize the digging of narrow trenches for underground urban power cables. The design uses crawler running gear, electric drives, and an auger cutter with hard alloy tipped tools, selected to provid…
This paper investigates vibratory cleaning as a safer and potentially more effective alternative to hydro-polishing drums for removing scale from heat-treated twist drills and taps. Experiments on a laboratory vibrating machine tested several fillers, including high-speed steel chips, cast-iron meta…
The paper describes a practical method for measuring longitudinal forces in overhead conveyor chains under factory conditions without amplifier equipment. A standard detachable chain link is adapted as an elastic element, with transverse deformation under load detected by an inductive sensor connect…
This paper examines drive synchronization, load distribution, and overload protection problems in long multi-drive overhead conveyors. Drawing on operating experience at the Altai Tractor Plant and tests of conveyors using electric-shaft synchronization, common shafts, flat-belt transmissions, and s…
This paper describes a closed-loop gear test rig designed to vary load during operation and to study nonuniform load distribution along gear tooth length under controlled shaft misalignment. Experimental tests compared gear wheels with different rim and disk configurations, using steel gears of spec…
This paper reports experimental results on the efficiency of an enclosed two-stage spur-gear reducer for a mining electric drill operating with thick grease lubrication. Tests examined how reducer efficiency varied with lubricant temperature, load, operating time, stage speed, and tooth wear, using …
This study examines how manufacturing factors and loading conditions affect tooth wear in the gearboxes of ER-5 and ER-16 mining electric drills, where compact transmissions often operate beyond contact-strength limits. Gear pairs were tested on a closed rig under constant and variable loads while v…
This study compares tooth wear and profile changes in spur gears made from unheat-treated steel, cast iron, brass, and silumin, extending earlier tests on heat-treated steel gears for mining electric-drill reducers. Gear pairs of identical geometry were tested on closed and open rigs under overload …
This paper examines whether the speed coefficients commonly used in gear contact strength calculations correctly represent the effect of circumferential speed on permissible tooth loading. Reviewing prior standards and experimental indications, it reports tests on high-accuracy gear pairs with modul…
This paper examines a two-stage pneumatic gear motor intended to improve the efficiency and tractive performance of conventional gear-type air motors used in hazardous mining conditions. It describes the operating scheme, derives expressions for theoretical work in the two stages, and argues that th…
This paper analyzes the actual working process of gear-type pneumatic motors with spur and helical rotors, emphasizing deviations from ideal theoretical models caused by throttling and pressure gradients in the rotor meshing zone. The authors derive expressions for circumferential force, indicated w…
The paper addresses the construction of support surface curves used to characterize the microgeometry of solid surface layers, with attention to differences between isotropic roughness and surfaces with directional machining marks. It argues that, for directionally rough surfaces, the material distr…
This paper reports an experimental study of plastic deformation in brass tubes subjected to complex loading at constant stress intensity, a condition under which conventional expanding Huber, Mises yield cylinders are considered inadequate for describing resistance to plastic flow. Sixteen specimens…
The paper addresses experimental study of plastic deformation under complex loading, focusing on cases where principal stresses retain constant magnitudes while their axes rotate relative to the material. It develops a loading procedure for thin-walled tubular specimens subjected to combined axial f…
This paper examines the role of friction work in plastic deformation during metal forming and metal cutting, arguing that deformation and the forces producing it should be treated as interrelated rather than separately. It derives expressions for the work of friction and the corresponding deforming …
This paper examines resistance to plastic deformation in metal forming and cutting, with emphasis on the role of strain hardening under large deformations. It compares common flow-curve approximations and plastic flow laws, then argues for an energy-based condition in which the specific work of plas…
This paper experimentally investigates contact stresses in a disk subjected to radial compression, focusing on the near-load region where finite-area force transmission causes deviations from concentrated-load theory. Using static electrical strain measurement with low-base wire strain gauges placed…
Radial compression of a cylinder between parallel plates is examined for the plane strain conditions typical of forging and rolling, where stresses and strains are highly nonuniform. The study uses hardness measurements on compressed steel specimens, calibrated by torsion tests, and interprets the r…
This paper examines experimental determination of stress states in plastic deformation and compares grid based strain methods with hardness based methods that measure stress intensity. It argues that combining the grid method, or optically sensitive coatings, with hardness measurements can reduce re…
This paper experimentally investigates plastic torsion in rectangular rods made of hardening materials, focusing on the stress and strain state and on relating their torsion diagrams to those of circular rods of the same material. Using hardness measurements calibrated by torsion tests on circular r…
The paper examines how hardness measurements can be related to stress and strain in plastically deformed bodies through calibration curves. It compares procedures based on tensile, compression, and torsion tests, noting the practical limitations of each method, including necking in tension, friction…
