SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper examines how external mechanical vibrations affect the elastic tubular spring and readings of industrial pressure gauges. The author models the tubular spring as an approximate single degree of freedom system, derives an expression for its natural frequency using Lagrange’s equations, and…
This paper develops a calculation method for pressure gauge springs with arbitrary symmetric cross sectional shapes, addressing cases for which practical design formulas were lacking. Under standard thin shell and small displacement assumptions, the deformation problem is reduced to bending of a uni…
This paper examines how severe humidity conditions affect the electrical properties of a hot-curing epoxy compound used for potting low-voltage direct-current machine armature windings. Models with epoxy-potted windings were compared with windings impregnated with varnish 447 after exposure to tropi…
The paper presents a calculation procedure for hydraulic mechanisms that rotate and hold the cutter bar of an earth-cutting machine used to cut slots in frozen ground. It analyzes common linkage arrangements by deriving expressions for hydraulic-cylinder rod force, moment arms, friction effects, pen…
This paper estimates the dynamic effective forces produced by cylindrical helical springs when forced vibrations excite longitudinal resonance. The spring is modeled as an equivalent straight bar with fixed ends, and formulas are derived for the time-varying effective force by combining inertial and…
This paper examines the economic efficiency of main mine drainage installations in Kuzbass mines, where pumps often have excessive capacity or head relative to operating safety requirements. Using pump and pipeline characteristic relations, the author analyzes how impeller number, throttling by disc…
This article examines whether thermal insulation of compressed-air ducts in compressor installations is technically and economically justified. It derives relations for air cooling along a pipeline, the effect of temperature on compressed-air consumption and useful work, heat losses through insulate…
This paper reports an experimental study of how impact energy is transmitted through an elongated drill rod to an elastoplastic medium, a problem relevant to percussive drilling tools and to evaluating theoretical models of impact energetics. Using a pendulum hammer, assembled steel rods up to 30 m …
This paper analyzes the productivity of core electric drills used for drilling blast holes in preparatory mine workings. Using simple time balance formulas and timing data for drilling and auxiliary operations, it relates drilling speed, blast-hole depth, auxiliary-operation time, number of holes, a…
This paper examines how the rate of rotary drilling of blast holes depends on feed force and rock strength. Using published experimental data for different rocks, the authors analyze the linear relation between drilling rate and effective feed force, estimate the drilling efficiency coefficient and …
The paper describes a portable instrument for measuring low-frequency vibrations of machines and mechanisms under high overload and impact conditions, where conventional vibrometric or piezoelectric methods may be impractical. It presents a magnetoelectric seismic transducer operated in the pre-reso…
This paper examines magnetoelectric seismic vibration sensors using a pendulum suspension with a frictionless elastic hinge formed by crossed springs. It analyzes the stiffness, natural frequency, stress limits, stability, lateral sensitivity, static deflection compensation, and damping of such susp…
This paper addresses the laborious processing required to determine operating parameters of pneumatic impact machines from separate pressure diagrams in the front and rear cylinder chambers. It describes the MDT-1 differential strain-gauge manometer, a diaphragm sensor connected to both machine cavi…
This paper addresses the need for factory-applicable vibration testing of pneumatic riveting and chipping hammers, motivated by the absence of routine vibration control and the occupational risk of vibration disease. It develops a testing methodology by comparing pressing devices, hammer positions, …
This paper investigates vibration isolation for handheld pneumatic hammers using a continuous electronic mathematical model of a four degree of freedom hammer system with an elastic handle. Based on parameters of the KE-22 hammer, nonlinear differential equations were transformed into machine form t…
This paper examines how changing the pressure indicator diagrams in a pneumatic hammer can reduce vibration of the hammer housing under different pressing forces and operating regimes. Using an IPT-5 electronic modeling installation, the authors compare five working-cycle diagrams for a KE-22 hammer…
This paper examines how elastic impacts and contacts should be represented in electronic analog models of impact-action machines, with emphasis on hand-held pneumatic hammers. It reviews existing approaches based on either instantaneous velocity changes or explicit modeling of collision duration, no…
The paper addresses the difficulty of modeling pneumatic hammer dynamics when thermodynamic processes are considered separately from the motion of the piston, hammer body, tool, and feed forces. It formulates a coupled system of differential equations for cylinder pressures, piston motion, body moti…
This paper reports experimental tests of recoil shock absorbers intended to reduce harmful vibration in handheld pneumatic chipping hammers caused by reverse impacts of the working tool against the hammer body. Using an MP-5 hammer on a test stand, the authors compared several elastic elements, incl…
This paper reports the design and comparative hygienic evaluation of an experimental vibration-isolated pneumatic chipping hammer, the MRV-16, developed as an alternative to the serial MR-6. The authors describe a construction using a vibration-damping bushing, rubber shock absorbers, a conical spri…
This paper evaluates the vibration of MR and KE type pneumatic chipping and riveting hammers in relation to sanitary standards, emphasizing the role of higher harmonics in frequencies associated with vibration disease. Using vibrograms obtained under varying air pressures and pressing forces, the au…
This paper examines the sources of harmful vibration in handheld pneumatic chipping and riveting hammers and evaluates technical measures for reducing their effect on workers. Drawing on tests conducted under near-operating conditions and on prior Soviet and foreign studies, it identifies internal p…
This paper analyzes the forces acting on the bodies of hand-held pneumatic hammers under different operating regimes, motivated by the role of vibration in occupational vibration disease. Using impulse and momentum relations together with vibrogram observations, the authors derive expressions for th…
The article addresses the lack of coordination in standard-size series for hand-held pneumatic hammers, where different categories such as riveting, chipping, breaker, and drilling hammers were classified by different principal parameters. Through comparison of existing domestic hammer types and ana…
This paper addresses the calculation of electromechanical forces in the stator end windings of shock generators, where short-circuit currents can greatly exceed rated values and impose severe mechanical stresses. It divides the force system into radial and tangential forces on straight end sections,…
This paper applies the general theory of electrical machines to brushless AC electromechanical amplifiers, a class of combined machines not usually treated by reductions to idealized two-pole, two-phase models. Using Lagrange and Maxwell equations, it derives general expressions for electromotive fo…
This paper analyzes current commutation in the winding section of an electric machine using a thyristor-based semiconductor commutator supplied from a dc source. It derives expressions for the transient capacitor voltage and winding-section current during commutation, with particular attention to th…
This paper develops a calculation procedure for the no-load characteristic of a two-stage phase-sensitive electric-machine amplifier with both stages combined in one magnetic core. Starting from first-harmonic magnetomotive-force expressions based on an approximate steel magnetization curve, the aut…
This paper examines limitations of transistor and thyristor inverter and frequency converter circuits used for variable speed AC electric drives, including unreliable commutation in starting and braking modes, distorted output waveforms, restricted frequency range, and complex control requirements. …
This paper proposes a general-theory treatment of combined electrical machines, particularly two-stage converters and brushless electromechanical amplifiers whose stages share a magnetic core. Using Maxwellian field theory and Lagrange equations, it formulates general expressions for electromotive f…
This paper addresses the calculation of air-gap magnetic fields in synchronous reluctance machines with ordinary salient-pole rotors operating in steady synchronous conditions. Under standard simplifying assumptions, including high steel permeability, saturation represented by an increased effective…
This paper develops an inverted circle diagram for the synchronous reluctance motor using the load angle between the current vector and the rotor direct axis as the argument. From the motor vector diagram, the author derives an equivalent impedance with active and reactive components expressed throu…
This paper develops an approximate method for calculating the axial temperature field in the armature winding of an enclosed direct-current machine. Because exact analytical treatment is hindered by complex boundary conditions and coupled heat paths, the authors introduce simplifying assumptions con…
This paper examines commutation in transverse-field electromachine amplifiers operating with an alternating control signal, where transformer electromotive forces induced by time-varying magnetic fluxes can substantially worsen brush commutation. The authors analyze the dominant effect of the main t…
This paper analyzes the operation of a low-power synchronous generator feeding a rectifier with an active-inductive load, where the rectifier’s nonlinear switching action distorts generator currents and voltages. Under assumptions including sinusoidal generated emf, ideally smoothed rectified curren…
This paper analyzes how the constant component of an electronic amplifier output affects the mechanical and dynamic properties of a two-phase induction motor used in AC tracking systems. Using an equivalent motor and amplifier circuit, the authors derive current equations and an averaged electromagn…
This paper proposes a method for estimating the depth coordinate of defects during high-speed radiation flaw detection of large industrial products using betatron bremsstrahlung and scintillation detectors. The approach compares the relative change in detected radiation intensity for narrow and wide…
This paper addresses the problem of assigning economically optimal tolerances to input parameters of unified-series induction motors while satisfying prescribed tolerances on output characteristics such as efficiency, power factor, and torque. It argues that conventional accuracy-theory methods are …
The paper addresses the problem of estimating static air gap nonuniformity in induction motors when direct measurement of eccentricity is difficult or unavailable. It proposes a probabilistic statistical method that uses plant test station records on the fraction of machines exhibiting rotor to stat…
This paper addresses the effect of manufacturing variation on the output parameters and reliability of squirrel-cage asynchronous motors, with particular attention to starting torque, short-circuit current, losses, and reactive power. It proposes an accuracy calculation method based on linearized er…
This paper proposes a synchronous generator whose output frequency is regulated at constant rotor speed by replacing a mechanical commutator with a controlled semiconductor commutator connected to multiple taps of an armature-type stator winding. It describes the relay and ring step-distributor cont…
This paper examines commutation in third frame size direct current motors of the P series under variable supply voltage and speed. Using no spark zone measurements, oscillograms of commutated section currents, and transient voltage drop pulses at the brush edge, the authors assess commutational stab…
This paper reviews unresolved problems in the commutation of commutator electrical machines under increasing electromagnetic loading, speed, and operational demands. It argues that classical commutation theory, especially the assumption of constant specific transient brush contact resistance, is ina…
The paper examines how the output winding parameters of a brushless electric-machine amplifier affect the stiffness of its external voltage-current characteristics under load. Using an equivalent expression for the output-stage voltage and the analogy with synchronous-generator armature reaction, it…
This paper examines whether transformers with split windings can economically replace conventional two-winding transformers with current-limiting reactors in 6 to 10 kV substation switchgear. It develops a cost comparison that includes transformer and reactor capital costs, depreciation, additional …
This paper analyzes the factors governing the gain coefficient of brushless AC electric machine amplifiers under the assumption of an unsaturated magnetic system. It derives expressions relating gain to machine geometry, air gap, rotational speed, winding parameters, reactances, rectifier circuit co…
This paper examines how magnetic saturation affects a transverse-field electric-machine amplifier operating on alternating current, especially in calculating the no-load characteristic of its output stage. The authors argue that, although the magnetization curve in amplitude values is common to dire…
This paper examines how capacitors connected in parallel with the output load affect the performance of a brushless electric machine amplifier. Using characteristic curves, experimental external characteristics, feedback compensation schemes, and time constant measurements, it analyzes changes in co…
This paper describes the design and investigation of a brushless alternating-current electric-machine amplifier intended for automatic-control systems where commutator machines are unreliable or unsuitable. It explains the operating principle of a two-stage single-armature amplifier with semiconduct…
This paper proposes a switching scheme for accumulating energy in an inductive load from a single-phase pulse generator by transferring energy over several positive half-periods rather than a single half-wave. The method uses arcless ion-mechanical switches to alternately connect the generator, shor…
