SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 680 papers in Earth & Space Sciences
This paper examines how crystal habit may be related analytically to the pressure and temperature conditions of growth, using diamond crystals as the principal example. It proposes a thermodynamic approach in which the numbers of faces and vertices of a convex crystal polyhedron are treated as addit…
This paper reports spectrophotometric observations of the Earth and its atmosphere made from the Soyuz-7 spacecraft during the October 1969 group flight, extending earlier measurements from Soyuz-5. Using a modified hand-held RSS-2 spectrograph, the authors measured the twilight halo and the spectra…
The paper reports radio astronomical measurements of right ascensions for Galactic sources of anomalously excited OH emission, motivated by the need to identify OH regions with infrared and other astronomical objects. Observations were made in 1969 with the Large Pulkovo Radio Telescope at 1612 MHz …
This paper examines whether a decompression, or density decrease, zone may exist in the upper mantle corresponding to the seismic low-velocity layer, contrary to mantle density models that assume only positive density gradients. It reviews earlier rheological, thermodynamic, and seismological argume…
The paper presents a fitting method for solving the two-dimensional variometric inverse problem of potential theory, aimed at determining the contour of a subsurface body of constant excess density from measured horizontal gravity gradients. The variometric formulation is reduced to a gravimetric in…
This paper examines the remote determination of surface soil characteristics from microwave thermal radio emission. Using a model for the radio-brightness temperature of a semi-infinite medium and an empirical approximation of the soil temperature profile, it derives relations between measured brigh…
Marine reflected-wave seismic profiles acquired in 1968 near the southern Kuril Islands are used to examine the structure of the Central Kuril trough, the Vityaz Ridge, and the adjacent slope of the Kuril-Kamchatka trench. Time sections along profiles near Iturup Island are interpreted in comparison…
This paper evaluates the geoenergetic role of geochemical transformations in the Earth’s crust and addresses claims that such processes are a principal source of deep heat. Using standard enthalpies of mineral formation, the authors estimate the thermal effects of representative hypergene, epigeneti…
This paper develops a similarity and dimensional analysis theory for estimating large-scale atmospheric circulation on terrestrial planets without requiring detailed numerical modeling or prescribed temperature contrasts. Treating the atmosphere as gray and using solar energy input, heat capacity, p…
This paper estimates the damping of the Earth’s low-degree spheroidal free oscillations using a perturbation theory previously developed for spheroidal modes and a Gutenberg-Bullen A Earth model. Assuming dissipation occurs only through shear processes in the mantle and neglecting core dissipation, …
This paper estimates vertical gradients of longitudinal elastic-wave velocity beneath the Mohorovičić discontinuity using amplitude curves of first arrivals from deep seismic sounding in the western Black Sea and the Arabian, Indian Ridge rift zone. By comparing observed bottom-seismograph amplitude…
The article examines whether discrepancies between repeated gravity measurements in the Aral-Caspian region can be interpreted as secular changes in gravity rather than instrumental or reference-point errors. Using gravimetric observations from 1954 to 1966 tied to high-precision control points, the…
The paper addresses the determination of average crustal characteristics from distant earthquake seismograms, motivated by instabilities in interpretations based on transmitted converted waves. It proposes a numerical inversion method in which the crust is modeled as a layer with linearly varying lo…
This paper examines short-period transformations of Northern Hemisphere tropospheric circulation in relation to the macrostructure of the solar wind, especially transitions between fast quasi-stationary streams and quiet solar wind. Using solar synoptic charts, coronal observations, plasma and field…
Observations with the DKR-1000 radio telescope at Pushchino in the meter-wavelength range led to the discovery and initial characterization of the pulsar PP 0943. The paper reports intermittent pulse detections at 70 to 90 MHz, estimates its position, and gives a principal period of about 1.093 s, w…
This paper reports geothermal measurements across the Gakkel Ridge, an active mid-ocean ridge system in the Arctic Ocean, to assess whether heat flow is elevated in its rift zone relative to average oceanic values. Using a thermoprobe deployed from drifting ice, the authors measured geothermal gradi…
This paper argues that long-term measurements of oceanic physical fields on fixed polygon arrays represent a new stage in ocean research, shifting attention from presumed stability toward statistically interpreted variability and macroturbulence. It reviews earlier Caspian, Black Sea, and Atlantic p…
This paper studies an inverse problem in magnetic prospecting for a two-dimensional star-shaped body whose magnetization is not known in advance. Using the method of artificial magnetization by a steady current in an external ungrounded cable, the direct problem is formulated through a simple-layer …
This paper formulates a generalized rheological model for rocks intended to represent elasticity, viscous and plastic flow, elastic aftereffect, and shear and tensile strength under variable physical conditions. The model combines Burgers and Shvedov, Bingham elements and derives tensor deformation …
This paper proposes a method for estimating the small supersaturations that arise during formation of the droplet liquid phase in clouds, a quantity difficult to measure directly but important for droplet growth. Using a model of hydrated condensation nuclei, the authors derive and test simplified r…
This paper summarizes deep seismic sounding data from the USSR and neighboring regions to map limiting velocities of longitudinal seismic waves along the Mohorovičić discontinuity. Using profiles obtained between 1949 and 1968, the authors compile isolines of uppermost mantle velocities and compare …
This paper examines thermal processes in a tropical hurricane, focusing on how heat from a warm ocean surface supplies energy to the hurricane core between the outer boundary of the eye and the radius where vertical motion changes sign. Using a previously derived simplified hydrodynamic model, hypso…
This paper examines the relation between meteor luminosity and ionization using simultaneous photographic and radar observations conducted in Dushanbe for seven Leonid and Perseid meteors. The study derives absolute photographic magnitudes and initial linear electron densities of meteor trails, acco…
This paper analyzes amplitudes of core-reflected PcP waves from atomic explosions to reassess the reflection coefficient at the core mantle boundary and its implications for Earth structure. Using about 60 explosion records, including cases where PcP was not identifiable, the authors model amplitude…
This paper reports tests of the large Pulkovo variable-profile reflector radio telescope after replacement of its flat reflecting panels with cylindrical elements to permit operation in the 8 to 9 mm wavelength range. Using geodetic, radio range-finding, ground-source, and astronomical adjustment me…
This paper reports regular meter-wave observations of the pulsar CP-1919 made from April to July 1968 with the DKR-1000 radio telescope at Pushchino, mainly near 93 MHz with additional measurements from 61 to 110 MHz. The authors analyze frequency-dependent pulse delays, intensity variations, pulse-…
This paper examines the thermal power of hydrothermal systems and active volcanoes in regions of modern volcanism, treating convective heat transfer as the dominant mechanism and relating heat flow to caldera and volcano-tectonic structures. Using published and calculated data from Kamchatka, the Ku…
This paper examines how melting zones in the Earth’s upper mantle evolve during the planet’s thermal history under heating by radioactive decay. The authors solve a spherically symmetric quasilinear heat-conduction problem by an implicit finite-difference method, allowing thermal parameters to chang…
This paper investigates the angular and frequency dependence of the effective reflection coefficient of sound signals reflected from a rough ocean surface, together with amplitude fluctuations of the reflected pulses. Measurements were made from a single drifting vessel using a submerged transmitter…
This paper examines why quartz crystal terminations become asymmetric or distorted, focusing on the combined effects of crystal orientation in the gravitational field and silica supersaturation in the growth solution. The authors compare natural quartz crystals, using gamma irradiation of polished s…
This paper examines the relationship between crustal structure and the upper mantle, especially the depth and geophysical expression of the asthenosphere, using magnetovariational observations together with seismic, heat-flow, gravity, radioactivity, and geological data. Drawing on observations from…
This paper reports year-round measurements of the effective dielectric constant and specific volume resistivity of young and pack Arctic drift ice over the frequency range 100 Hz to 1 MHz. Ice samples from different depths were studied with guarded flat capacitors, with temperature and salinity cont…
This paper develops a theoretical basis for studying the piezomagnetic response of magnetically anomalous bodies to time varying stresses in the Earth’s crust. Using potential theory, the authors derive expressions for temporal changes in magnetic potential and in the vertical magnetic component, se…
This paper examines whether small secular changes in gravity can be detected over broad areas despite measurement errors, using repeated gravimetric observations from the Middle Volga and Baltic regions of the Russian Platform. The author compares gravity measurements made between 1949 and 1968, con…
This paper develops a third-order theory for the figures of rotating liquid planets in hydrostatic equilibrium, motivated by the need to model Jupiter and Saturn with accuracy comparable to observed gravitational moments. It represents equipotential surfaces by spheroidal expansions with shape param…
This paper applies dimensional analysis to the hydrodynamic motion of interplanetary gas disturbed by solar chromospheric flares. Assuming approximate power-law forms for solar-wind density and velocity, and neglecting pressure, gravity, rotation, viscosity, heat conduction, and electromagnetic forc…
This paper examines whether earthquake foci of widely different sizes can be treated as physically similar, given that focal dimensions range from tens of meters for weak events to hundreds or thousands of kilometers for the strongest events. Using similarity criteria derived from elastic equilibriu…
This paper proposes a method for identifying regional crustal structures of the Russian Platform by transforming anomalous geomagnetic field maps into maps of averaged horizontal gradients. The procedure calculates maximum rates of change of the magnetic field within equal map squares and uses the r…
This paper examines the combined use of pulsed neutron logging and pulsed acoustic logging for investigating oil and gas wells, particularly where neutron methods alone are limited by low water salinity, low porosity, or heterogeneous formations. Drawing on laboratory results, theoretical considerat…
This paper proposes using Pi2 geomagnetic micropulsations to estimate low-energy plasma density in the magnetosphere. Treating Pi2 as damped Alfvén waves propagating along nighttime field lines associated with the auroral oval, the authors relate the pulsation period to the latitude of the oval boun…
This paper develops a method for deriving parameters of small-scale atmospheric turbulence in the meteor region from combined photographic and radar meteor observations. Using a model for the evolution of electron density in meteor trails that includes ambipolar diffusion, electron attachment, and t…
This paper examines unusually bright, short-lived spots observed on Mars and evaluates the hypothesis that they are halo phenomena produced by directed reflection of sunlight from ice crystals in the Martian atmosphere. Focusing on a parhelic halo formed by vertically oriented hexagonal ice plates, …
This paper examines fine structure in the travel-time curve of longitudinal seismic waves by directly estimating its derivative with respect to epicentral distance. Using records from two regional seismic station networks in Siberia and Kirghizia for more than 200 earthquakes, mainly from the Pacifi…
The study investigates the distribution of radio brightness across the disk of Venus at a wavelength of 8 mm, focusing on limb darkening as a diagnostic of atmospheric absorption mechanisms. Observations made with the large Pulkovo radio telescope in September 1967 were processed using antenna smoot…
This paper critiques the routine use of Bouguer anomalies as the principal representation of gravity data, especially over oceanic regions. The authors review the original geodetic purpose of the Bouguer correction, argue that applying an equivalent “filling” correction at sea introduces an artifici…
The paper develops a prognostic formulation for mesoscale atmospheric disturbances superposed on a large-scale rectilinear background flow, with attention to the interaction between the boundary layer and the free atmosphere. Starting from a simplified system for momentum, continuity, thermodynamic,…
This paper develops an approximate theoretical description of the wind and pressure field of a tropical hurricane, treating it as a thermodynamic atmospheric heat engine guided by warm ocean currents. Using observed wind profiles, an axisymmetric cylindrical formulation of the Navier-Stokes equation…
This paper examines the origin of electric fields associated with geomagnetic disturbances in the Earth’s magnetosphere, focusing on asymmetric hot plasma rings in the radiation-belt region and their coupling to ionospheric currents. Using a linearized drift and quasineutrality model with conducting…
The paper reports an X-ray crystallographic determination of the structure of stephanite, Ag5SbS4, a complex silver antimony sulfide previously assigned to a chain type before structural data were available. Single-crystal diffraction data from a rare untwinned fragment were used to establish an ort…
This study investigates shear wave velocity sections of the upper mantle beneath Europe using a trial and error search constrained by observed S wave travel times, Love wave group velocities, and S wave amplitude curves. Layered spherical Earth models were parameterized by velocities and boundary de…
