SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
This article investigates how the size and spatial arrangement of non-heat-conducting spherical pores affect the effective thermal conductivity of porous bodies. Using the electrothermal analogy method, the authors modeled heat conduction through plane electrical specimens with pores of different di…
This paper develops a unified calculation methodology for axial machines with counter-rotating impellers, including fans, compressors, pumps, and hydraulic turbines. It bases the design and verification procedures on Zhukovsky’s lift-force method, using airfoil and cascade characteristics to constru…
This paper examines how heat transferred between grains in a dry bulk granular material is distributed across the cross section of an elementary cell, with particular attention to the role of grain contacts in calculating effective thermal conductivity. Using an idealized model of spherical grains i…
This paper critically examines existing methods for calculating the thermal conductivity coefficient of dry bulk granular materials. It compares major theoretical approaches, including models based on temperature jump at solid gas interfaces, limiting plate schemes, assumptions of air gaps between g…
This paper analyzes transient heating of the resistance rods in a direct current shunt during short switching current surges, which may exceed rated current and therefore govern allowable rod dimensions. The shunt rod is modeled as a thin cylinder with uniform internal heat generation, insulated lat…
This paper extends a previously proposed approximate method for calculating temperature distributions along heat sink lines under radiant heating to stationary heat conduction in finite bodies with internal heat generation. For an infinite bar of rectangular cross section, the authors reduce the two…
This paper develops an approximate method for calculating temperature fields in bodies heated by radiant heat when the influence of initial conditions has largely disappeared. It represents the temperature at any point as the center temperature plus coordinate dependent quadratic increments, extendi…
This paper develops a calculation method for heat exchangers based on dimensionless heating-surface criteria rather than direct evaluation of the mean temperature difference. It defines paired criteria for the hot and cold fluid sides and derives relations, equations, and graphical procedures for di…
This paper describes the preparation of pure 6-alkyltetralins needed as standards for infrared spectroscopic analysis of tetralin alkylation products, addressing the difficulty of separating isomeric mixtures formed by direct Friedel-Crafts alkylation. The authors synthesized normal 6-amyltetralin, …
This paper reports the preparation and reactions of ferrocenylmethyllithium, generated by lithium cleavage of the methyl ether of ferrocenylcarbinol in tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen. It also describes a convenient acid-catalyzed synthesis of methyl, ethyl, and benzyl ethers of ferrocenylcarbinol fr…
This paper studies embedding properties of fractional Sobolev classes defined by difference norms of derivatives of noninteger order. It proves a main embedding theorem showing that, under specified relations among dimension, integrability exponents, and smoothness, a function in \(W_p^r(R_n)\) belo…
This paper reexamines the structures assigned to monomeric arseno compounds, especially arsenobenzene, in light of inconsistent molecular weight determinations and the tendency of such compounds to polymerize or oxidize. The authors prepare crystalline arsenobenzene and determine its structure by X-…
The paper proves an existence theorem for periodic solutions of a nonlinear first order ordinary differential equation in a Hilbert space under positivity, compactness, and bounded periodic forcing assumptions. Using a Galerkin approximation, energy estimates, and Brouwer’s fixed point theorem, the …
The paper examines contact transformations of cyclooctane over 5 percent platinized carbon at 310°C, motivated by questions about transannular reactions in medium rings and earlier unconfirmed claims for cyclooctane conversion. Cyclooctane was passed over the catalyst with and without hydrogen, and …
This paper investigates substitution reactions of ferricinium salts, focusing on the difficulty of electrophilic substitution and the tendency of many nucleophiles or bases to reduce ferricinium cations to ferrocene. The authors show that cyanation can be achieved with liquid hydrocyanic acid in dry…
This paper analyzes how meteor velocity affects the power of radio echo signals reflected from unstable meteor trails near the height of maximum electron line density. Starting from the usual dependence of echo power on the square of electron line density, it argues that a simple scaling with the io…
This paper analyzes how the linear electron density in a meteor ionization trail depends on meteoroid velocity and mass, with attention to the height of the radio reflecting section relative to the height of maximum ionization. Using established formulae for trail density, characteristic pressure, i…
This paper derives expressions for the minimum mass of a meteoroid whose ionized trail can be detected or used for measurements by radar under normal reflection conditions. It relates the detectable mass to radar parameters, atmospheric properties, meteor velocity and geometry, diffusion, initial tr…
This paper studies singularities on the axis of convergence of generalized Dirichlet series whose exponent sequence has gaps bounded below and contains an almost regular subsequence. Building on results of Pólya and Agmon, it proves that under suitable hypotheses simple poles on the axis must be dis…
The paper introduces a notion of rotation for weakly continuous vector fields of the form x minus F(x) in a real separable Hilbert space, using Leray’s full index on weakly compact domains such as generalized balls, cylinders, and hyperbolic domains. It establishes basic properties of this rotation,…
This paper derives dispersion equations for curved, periodically iris-loaded rectangular waveguides intended for use in waveguide cyclic accelerators, where an azimuthally propagating wave must have an electric-field component along the beam path and phase velocity near the speed of light. Two loadi…
This paper investigates the mechanism of contact melting in alkali halide crystals and low melting metal systems, using high temperature X-ray diffraction, surface composition measurements after controlled contact, calorimetric data, and measurements of linear melting rate. The results indicate a pr…
A device is described for determining salt solubility over a broad temperature range by measuring solution density, with the aim of locating saturation and supersaturation limits relevant to crystal growth from aqueous solutions. The apparatus provides splash-free continuous mixing by transferring l…
This paper examines whether contact melting and eutectic formation can occur in organic systems containing more than four components, a possibility questioned in earlier theoretical and experimental discussions. The authors argue that low probability does not imply impossibility and describe a stepw…
This paper investigates diffusion processes and electrical conductivity at contacts between dissimilar alkali halide crystals in relation to contact melting. Experiments on NaCl, NaBr, KCl, and KBr single crystal contacts measured surface and volume diffusion, microhardness, surface relief, pore for…
The paper proposes an electron-beam functional converter for rapid transformation of broadband electrical signals according to prescribed nonlinear laws. Instead of relying on complex beam shaping or targets with spatially varying secondary-emission coefficients, the method derives the output voltag…
This paper reports experimental measurements of breakdown in thin-film polymer dielectrics subjected to repetitive rectangular video pulses. Using a capacitive-discharge pulse setup producing negative pulses up to 15 kV with a 0.3 microsecond front and 2 microsecond duration, the authors tested Styr…
This study examines liquid-phase oxidation of naphthenic hydrocarbons with normal side chains in the presence of boric acid, extending earlier work on paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbons. The authors synthesized n-amylcyclohexane, n-heptylcyclohexane, and n-nonylcyclohexane, oxidized them under con…
This paper proposes a quantitative spectral method for determining small rare-earth-element impurities in purified rare-earth preparations without the use of calibration standards. The method uses two comparison lines of the matrix element to eliminate the effect of arc plasma temperature from the a…
The paper derives an explicit treatment of the electric field that appears in a semiconductor region between conductivity-type junctions under stationary carrier injection, rather than representing its effect through an effective diffusion coefficient. Starting from dimensionless current and Poisson…
This paper develops a theoretical treatment of pn junctions and pin structures under reverse and small forward currents, allowing for carrier concentrations in the space charge region, resultant current, and strong field effects on drift and diffusion. Using dimensionless current and Poisson equatio…
The paper examines the electronic structure of chromocene in relation to ferrocene and dibenzenechromium, focusing on how metal and ligand orbital energies affect donor-acceptor and dative bonding in aromatic metal complexes. Using a generalized self-consistent molecular orbital method for radicals,…
This paper examines methods for protecting sensitive electrical measuring instruments from overload by using semiconductor rectifiers as nonlinear circuit elements. It derives equivalent circuits and calculation formulas for direct rectifier shunting and for unbalanced bridge arrangements, comparing…
The paper addresses the difficulty of balancing AC bridges for measuring complex impedances, especially the slow convergence and additional errors associated with differential indicators in separate-balancing schemes. It analyzes the bridge unbalance voltage and argues that independent adjustment of…
The paper formulates and solves a mathematical problem motivated by longitudinally polarized massive particles: to construct a Hamiltonian of Dirac-like form whose two energy levels are nondegenerate and whose eigenfunctions have definite spin projection along the momentum. Using an infinite-dimensi…
This paper examines phase stabilization in a single-stage resonant amplifier using feedback, comparing conventional negative feedback with wattless, quadrature-shifted feedback. The analysis derives and compares phase characteristics and voltage transfer coefficients for the two cases, using the fee…
This paper analyzes the output voltage of a ring frequency converter operating with small input voltages. It compares two exponential approximations for the current, voltage characteristic of identical nonlinear diode elements, derives Kirchhoff equation systems for the equivalent circuit, and solve…
This paper analyzes a low-frequency selective RC amplifier using semiconductor triodes and a double T bridge in a negative feedback path. The authors derive expressions for the filter transmission coefficient, amplifier gain, resonant gain, and quality factor while accounting for the relatively low …
The paper proposes a figure of merit for selecting transistors in video amplifier design, analogous to the gain bandwidth figure used for vacuum tubes. It derives an expression for the transistor figure of merit in terms of current gain, base resistance, collector capacitance, and a relative inertia…
This paper analyzes a parallel correction circuit for reducing high-frequency distortion in transistor video amplifier stages while accounting simultaneously for transistor inertia and collector-circuit capacitance. It derives the stage gain expression and obtains engineering formulas for the correc…
This paper analyzes correction of flat-top distortion in periodic pulse sequences amplified by common-emitter stages using planar semiconductor triodes, where standard tube-amplifier correction formulas are inadequate because the relevant load and input resistances are comparable. It derives the tra…
This paper analyzes high-frequency correction in single-stage transistor video amplifiers using an RC feedback network in the emitter circuit, treating the practical general case in which both collector capacitance and the frequency dependence of current gain are significant. It derives expressions …
This paper analyzes correction of flat-top pulse distortion in wideband video amplifier stages using planar semiconductor triodes, where low input resistance and coupling or emitter bypass capacitances cause low-frequency droop. Using equivalent low-frequency circuits, the author derives transient-r…
This paper presents an oscilloscope method for detecting and measuring small phase modulation indices using multiple Lissajous interference patterns formed by signals whose carrier frequencies are in an integer ratio. The authors derive relations between the modulation index and measurable distances…
This paper examines amplitude adjustment in phase-measuring instruments, where attenuators and smooth gain controls must avoid introducing unequal or variable phase shifts between measurement channels. It derives phase-shift expressions for stepwise attenuators and potentiometric controls with finit…
This paper extends the analysis of transient regimes in continuously operating tube heat exchangers from thin separating walls to the more practical case of thick walls with finite heat capacity. Under assumptions of one-dimensional turbulent flow, rapid heat propagation through the wall, and neglig…
This paper analyzes a video amplifier circuit in which the cathode, anode, and screen-grid filtering functions are combined in a single common filter to reduce the number and size of large capacitors required for undistorted amplification of long pulses. Using equivalent circuits and frequency-domai…
This paper analyzes a video-frequency amplifier using cathode correcting capacitance and parallel inductive correction in the anode circuit, focusing on errors caused by treating dynamic input and output conductances as constant. The authors derive an equivalent circuit that incorporates the frequen…
This paper presents a simplified graphical method for calculating the dynamic characteristics of triode amplifiers with cathode coupling. Starting from the circuit equations for single-ended and push-pull stages, it shows how the required current and output-voltage characteristics can be obtained di…
