SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
The paper studies simplification algorithms for disjunctive normal forms in Boolean algebra, focusing on whether a procedure can decide for each conjunction in a reduced form whether it belongs to a minimal disjunctive normal form. It formalizes a class of admissible algorithms whose decisions depen…
This paper announces results on variational integrals with prescribed boundary values and on first boundary value problems for general quasilinear elliptic equations in several independent variables. Under specified ellipticity, growth, smoothness, and boundary regularity assumptions, it derives a p…
This note studies the behavior under differentiation of entire and meromorphic functions whose zeros, and in the meromorphic case poles, remain sufficiently close to prescribed boundary rays, with particular attention to functions whose zeros are close to the real axis. Using Nevanlinna’s angular ch…
This study examines how alkali metal halides affect the reduction of platinum oxide to platinum black and the subsequent adsorption of hydrogen in 50% ethanol. The authors measured hydrogen uptake and catalyst potential during reduction in the presence of potassium chloride, bromide, and iodide at v…
This paper analyzes extremal control systems operating under low-frequency external disturbances when the input signal is dynamically transformed and stored before entering a sign-relay controller. Using a parabolic approximation of the plant characteristic near the maximum, the study derives equati…
This study examines how the composition of mixed solvents affects the rate and selectivity of catalytic hydrogenation of 2-ethylanthraquinone, a reaction relevant to hydrogen peroxide production by the quinone method. Using skeletal nickel catalyst at 20 degrees and measuring hydrogen uptake togethe…
This paper reports an emulsion-chamber study of charged pion production in the reaction pi-minus plus proton to pi-minus plus pi-plus plus neutron at a primary pion energy of 290 plus or minus 15 MeV. From 1920 recorded interactions, 100 events consistent with production on hydrogen were selected, a…
This paper examines the nature of secondary chemical bonds arising from delocalization of valence electrons and formation of multicenter molecular orbitals, with emphasis on organolithium compounds, related organometallic complexes, and acetylene derivatives. Using infrared spectra, dipole moment da…
This note extends Mikhlin’s theory of multidimensional singular integral equations in Hilbert spaces by applying methods from the theory of normed commutative rings. For the two-dimensional case, it constructs a norm-closed ring of singular integral operators modulo compact operators, identifies its…
The paper studies how left generalized rings of quotients of an associative ring are related when they are formed with respect to two multiplicatively closed systems of nonzero elements, one containing the other. It analyzes the induced system of elements in the smaller quotient ring, proves that ce…
This paper examines the relation between fluctuating microfields and multiple Coulomb or Newtonian scattering in a gas of charged or gravitating particles, focusing on the long-standing problem of the logarithmic cutoff in scattering integrals. By calculating the temporal correlation function of the…
This paper examines limiting diffusion currents during cathodic hydrogen evolution on a rotating platinum disk electrode in sulfuric acid solutions, where depletion of hydrogen ions near the cathode leads to a change in the electrode reaction. The authors measure electrode potentials shortly after i…
This study examines the decomposition mechanism of intermediate n-decyl hydroperoxides formed during liquid-phase oxidation of n-decane at 130 degrees. Using alpha-naphthol as an inhibitor, the authors compare hydroperoxide consumption under oxidizing and nitrogen atmospheres to distinguish nonchain…
This paper develops an approach to optimal processes in pulse automatic systems using a convolution form of the system equations rather than first-order difference equations. By expressing the sampled-data dynamics through time characteristics, the method applies to systems with lumped or distribute…
This paper develops a procedure for estimating the electronic contribution to heats of chemical adsorption by treating adsorption as a local defect perturbing the electronic states of a crystal. Using a one-electron approximation, Green functions, and Wannier-function expansions, it derives expressi…
This paper reports the preparation and study of several fluoro- and chloro-substituted acetohydroxamic acids, including monofluoro-, fluorodichloro-, trichloro-, and trifluoroacetohydroxamic acids, obtained from corresponding haloacetate esters and hydroxylamine in alcoholic solution. The authors ex…
A practical route is described for preparing malonic acid and malonic esters using carbon suboxide as a malonylating reagent, addressing limitations of earlier carbon suboxide syntheses that relied on malonic acid derivatives or gave poor yields. The work develops noncatalytic high-temperature pyrol…
A semiempirical thermochemical method is proposed for estimating heats of formation of organic hydroperoxides, motivated by the scarcity of experimental data for compounds important in oxidation processes. The method uses bond energy relations and conjugation energies of peroxide radicals to show th…
This study determines the free energy of solvation of potassium iodide in ethanol and acetone, addressing limitations of earlier estimates based on cells with transference and the absence of data for acetone. The authors measured the electromotive force of a transference-free cell with potassium ama…
This paper develops a generalized hydrodynamic theory of the ultrasonic interferometer for a monatomic gas in the five-moment approximation, including thermal conductivity of both the gas and the boundary. Using linearized generalized hydrodynamic equations with Maxwell, Smoluchowski-type boundary c…
The paper formulates extended Hartree and Fock self-consistent-field methods in which electrons within the same shell may be assigned different radial one-electron wave functions. It describes the corresponding variational wave functions, notes the equivalence of the two extended equations for the g…
This paper examines how the electrokinetic, or zeta, potential of antimonite affects its floatability, treating flotation as adhesion between a mineral particle and an air bubble governed by the stability and rupture of the intervening wetting film. Using heterocoagulation theory, the authors derive…
The paper studies global stability of a class of nonlinear differential equations arising in indirect automatic control, under sector bounds on the nonlinearity and a spectral condition corresponding to stability with a sufficiently fast servomotor. Using explicitly constructed Lyapunov functions, i…
This paper examines radical redistribution reactions in organolead, organotin, and organosilicon compounds, focusing on cases where equilibrium is disturbed by decomposition or by formation of catalyst-stable products. The authors argue that catalytic disproportionation of hexaethyldiplumbane and he…
This paper reports a preliminary experimental study of nonequilibrium gas states behind shock waves in purified air, using ultraviolet absorption near 2200 Å to follow changes in the flow behind the wave front. Shock tube measurements show a maximum absorption immediately behind the front followed b…
This study examines the decrease of photoconductivity near absorption maxima in organic dye photoconductors and evaluates whether it can be described by surface recombination theory. Spectral photoconductivity and optical absorption were measured in vacuum for trypaflavine and pinacyanol layers of v…
This paper examines the risk of sudden brittle fracture in structural elements subjected to cyclic loading and occasional overloads, focusing on the early stages of fatigue crack development. Experiments on medium carbon steel rectangular beams in bending compared specimens with fatigue cracks forme…
This note studies the Dirichlet problem for the nonlinear elliptic equation Δu = u² in a bounded domain, motivated by questions from transonic gas motion. It proves existence and uniqueness of small solutions by a contraction mapping argument applied to the associated Green function integral equatio…
This paper studies asymptotic properties of polynomials orthogonal on a fixed arc of the unit circle with respect to a nonnegative weight, reformulating the problem through a conformal map from the cut plane to the unit disk. It constructs a special class of explicitly representable orthogonal polyn…
This paper examines how kinetic drying curves can be used to distinguish and quantify forms of moisture bonding in disperse porous bodies. Using simultaneous thermograms and weight loss curves for thin samples, it relates singular points on drying thermograms to successive removal of free, capillary…
This paper critiques electrostatic models of ion solvation, arguing that observed solvation energies in water, alcohols, acids, ammonia, and related solvents are only weakly dependent on dielectric constants, dipole moments, and molecular volumes. Using tabulated thermodynamic data and comparisons o…
This study examines the mechanism of isotopic exchange between dialkylmercury compounds and alkylmercury bromides labeled with mercury 203, using optically active 5-bromomercuri-2-methylhexane and bis-(2-methylhexyl-5)-mercury. The reaction was followed in ethanol at 60°C by separating the organomer…
This study examines the thermal behavior of 2-alkyl-2,5-dihydrofurans in comparison with related oxygen heterocycles, especially 2,3-dihydrofurans that rearrange to cyclopropane carbonyl compounds. The authors synthesized 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-, and 2-isopropyl-2,5-dihydrofurans and passed their vapors…
This study examines the free radical addition of hydrogen bromide to 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloropropene and compares its behavior with that of 1,1,1-trichloropropene. Under ultraviolet irradiation, the fluorinated propene gives two products, 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloro-3-bromopropane and 1-fluoro-1,2-dichloro-3…
The paper develops an invariant formulation of Lie differentiation for fields of geometric objects associated with analytic transformation groups and their normal prolongations. It shows that the differential equations defining a field, together with prolongation and envelope operations, suffice to …
This paper extends a phenomenological theory of turbulent stresses to account for anisotropic effects observed in boundary layers and pipe flow, particularly Laufer’s measurements showing unequal normal stress components and deviations from an isotropic stress, strain-rate relation near walls. It in…
This paper generalizes hypersonic small perturbation theory to thin or elongated bodies at large angles of attack, where the usual assumption of small surface inclination is no longer applicable. By introducing scaled variables based on body slenderness, transverse free stream velocity, and high Mac…
This paper reports an electron diffraction determination of the structure of a structurally well ordered triclinic kaolinite sample, addressing difficulties caused by pseudosymmetry, reflection coincidences, and anomalous intensity distributions. Electron diffraction patterns from textures and singl…
This paper introduces adsorption gas radiography as a method for examining catalyst surfaces when suitable radioactive isotopes of the catalyst elements are unavailable or impractical. The method uses radioactive gases or vapors selectively adsorbed on particular surface components, and is demonstra…
This paper examines the use of kinetic isotope effects for interpreting hydrogen substitution mechanisms in aromatic systems, focusing on iodination and bromination of substituted aromatic amines and sulfonate derivatives. The authors compare kinetic equations, buffer effects, pH dependence, and rea…
The paper treats plane elasticity problems for an infinite strip with either prescribed boundary displacements or prescribed boundary stresses, using Kolosov, Muskhelishvili complex potentials and a conformal mapping of the strip to a half-plane. For the displacement problem, the solution is reduced…
This paper proposes a route to phosphorus-containing polymers based on N-phosphonoaminoethylation, in which diethyleneamides of phosphorus acids add to bifunctional compounds with opening of both ethyleneimine rings. The author argues, from earlier monomeric reactions and new experiments, that dicar…
This paper studies structural and model theoretic properties of free solvable groups, defined as quotients of free groups by terms of the derived series. Using a theorem of Auslander and Lyndon, it proves restrictions on commuting elements, shows that free solvable groups are R-groups, and establish…
The paper proves that every normal topological space of weight τ can be represented as the image of a zero-dimensional subspace of a generalized Cantor discontinuum of the same weight. The construction uses directed refining systems of finite canonical coverings, forms an inverse spectrum of finite …
This paper reports direct measurements of radioactivity in Atlantic Ocean waters made during the sixth voyage of the research vessel Mikhail Lomonosov in October 1959, using a scintillation spectrometer constructed at Moscow State University. The instrument measured depth distributions in the upper …
This study examines deuterium and hydrogen exchange during the low-temperature hydrogenation of solid olefins by atomic hydrogen at minus 196 degrees Celsius, with the aim of clarifying aspects of the reaction mechanism. Propylene and isobutylene films frozen on the wall of a reactor were exposed to…
The paper studies numerical continuation for initial value problems for ordinary differential equations using piecewise linear approximate solutions associated with Euler, Runge, and Adams type schemes, including versions affected by bounded round-off errors. It formulates conditions under which the…
This study examines the relationship between electron work function and catalytic activity in promoted iron catalysts for ammonia synthesis, with attention to the role of additives such as potassium, aluminum, calcium, and silicon oxides. Work functions were estimated from contact potential differen…
This paper examines conflicting determinations of the potential of zero charge on platinum by measuring the differential capacitance of smooth platinum electrodes in sulfuric acid and sulfate solutions over a range of alternating current frequencies and pH values. The authors argue that capacitance …
