Recent Papers

TRAVELING-WAVE OSCILLOSCOPE

W. Siri.** *Isotopic Tracers and Nuclear Radiations*, 653 pp., McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1949.

ANISOTROPY OF THE HUMAN EYE AND ITS RECEPTORS

Electron-Nuclear Showers and the Nuclear-Cascade Process\*

This supplement briefly presents the results of experiments that made it possible, on a more solid basis than the data used by Powell, to outline the general picture. In addition, a special section of the supplement is devoted to the work of Soviet authors on the study of the mechanism of $\mu$-meso…

A NEW METHOD FOR STUDYING THE SIZE AND DEFORMATION OF CRYSTAL GRAINS

Extended Meeting of the Commission on Acoustics of the USSR Academy of Sciences

From February 1 to 3 of this year, an expanded meeting of the Acoustics Commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was held in Leningrad, devoted to issues of physical and measurement acoustics.

IVAN IVANOVICH BORGMAN

A “CHERENKOV COUNTER” FOR COSMIC-RAY PARTICLES

On the Question of a Unified Field Theory\*

Phase Shift upon Reflection of Light by Thin Films

STUDY OF SOME PROPERTIES OF SCINTILLATION COUNTERS

M. S. Tsvet’s Chromatographic Method of Analysis

The book under review is intended for physicists and engineers working in fields close to dosimetry.

INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE

Spiral Growth of the Surface of Carborundum Crystals

MODERN STUDIES OF THE SHAPE OF BETA SPECTRA

Using Radioactive Radiation to Enhance Photographic Blackening

Second-Order Raman Scattering of Light

ON THE SO-CALLED PHYSICAL CONCEPT OF MATTER

This article aims to show that Lenin does not and could not have two (or even several!) concepts of matter, that this conception of “two concepts” of matter is contrived, and that it harms the cause of the Marxist restructuring of the natural sciences and, above all, physics.

DOUBLE DECAY OF Re \(^{186}\)

Properties and Applications of Thermistors—Thermally Sensitive Resistors*

The last decade has been a period of rapid development in the technique of studying nuclear radiation. It is enough to recall the universal introduction of Geiger–Müller counters i

EXPERIMENTS ON THE PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES IN AN ANISOTROPIC IONIZED MEDIUM

A “STAR” FORMED BY A PROTON WITH AN ENERGY OF $3\cdot 10^{13}$ ELECTRON VOLTS

Elements with Atomic Numbers 97 (Berkelium, Bk) and 98 (Californium, Cf)

FINE STRUCTURE OF THE HYDROGEN ATOM. I

Molecular Spectral Analysis

CONTROLLING A WILSON CHAMBER USING AN INTERNAL COUNTER

S. I. Vavilov’s Book *The Microstructure of Light* *)

Alongside the questions of luminescence that constituted the leitmotif of S. I. Vavilov’s scientific work, the book presents important results obtained by him in other areas of optics. It is essential to note that the questions of luminescence themselves are treated from the standpoint of their gene…

PROTONS IN COSMIC RADIATION AT SEA LEVEL

STRUCTURAL NEUTRONOGRAPHY

MULTI-SLIT SHUTTER

Direct Evidence of the Cosmic Origin of Hydrogen in the Upper Layers of the Atmosphere

MULTI-SLIT SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

J. D. BERNAL (On the 50th Anniversary of His Birth)

INSTANT PHOTOGRAPHY

STARS FORMED BY HIGH-ENERGY PHOTONS

CORPUSCULAR ASPECT OF MATTER

The purpose of this note is to recall the circumstance that the corpuscular aspect of matter, manifested especially clearly in the fact of the existence of tracks of charged particles in a Wilson chamber, can be interpreted from a purely wave (or field) point of view when considering the interaction…

On the Methodology for Determining the Electric Strength of Solid Dielectrics

The paper examines methodological difficulties in determining the electric strength of solid dielectrics, especially the influence of material inhomogeneity and nonuniform electric fields caused by edge effects in electrode systems. It reviews approaches intended to reduce these errors, including re…

On the Theory of Operation of a Loaded Cascade Generator

This paper analyzes the operation of high-voltage cascade generators under load, beginning with the charge-transfer principle by which staged capacitors and rectifiers multiply an alternating or switched voltage into a high direct voltage. It derives expressions for output ripple and internal voltag…

Conditions for the Combined Operation of an Inverter, Synchronous Machines, and a Load

This paper examines the steady joint operation of a receiving-end network supplied by a direct-current transmission line, including an inverter, synchronous generators, synchronous compensators, and a composite load. It develops a graphical method based on active- and reactive-power characteristics …

Influence of Line Capacitance and the Inductance of Smoothing Reactors on the Magnitude and Nature of Short-Circuit Current in a DC Line

Minimum permissible residual voltages on the buses of an inverter substation during short circuits in a three-phase network

This paper examines the stability limits of high-voltage direct-current inverter substations when short circuits in the receiving three-phase network reduce the alternating-current bus voltage. Using the extinction angle of mercury valves as the limiting condition, it derives formulas for minimum pe…

Influence of Local Station Load on System Stability During Three-Phase Automatic Reclosing of Single-Circuit Transmission Lines

This paper examines how local load connected to a power station affects transient stability during three-phase automatic reclosing of a single-circuit transmission line to a powerful interconnected system. Using an equivalent shunt representation of the load and rotor motion equations for the fault,…

Simplification of Checking Conductors and Equipment for Thermal Stability

This paper proposes an approximate procedure for simplifying thermal stability checks of conductors and electrical equipment under short-circuit conditions. Instead of calculating both three-phase and two-pole short-circuit currents, it relates their thermal effects through a correction coefficient …

Calculation of High-Voltage Lines with Uniformly Distributed Load

This paper presents a simplified method for calculating high-voltage transmission lines whose loads are approximately uniformly distributed, a situation relevant to electric railway traction and rural electrification networks. The authors adapt standard long-line equations with distributed constants…

On the Protection of Generators Against Ground Faults Using Cable Current Transformers

This paper examines generator ground fault protection using individual cable current transformers connected as a zero sequence differential scheme, addressing difficulties that arise when generators are connected to switchgear by multiple cables or buses. It analyzes the sources of protection unbala…

On Methods for Equalizing the Arms of Generator Differential Protection

The paper examines how to equalize the resistance of the arms in generator differential protection circuits in order to limit unbalance currents during normal operation and transients. It compares three conductor based balancing methods: taking the relay connection from the midpoint of equal conduct…

On the Use of Longitudinal Differential Protection of Generators to Protect Them Also Against Ground Faults

This paper examines whether ordinary longitudinal differential protection for generators can also serve as protection against stator ground faults, replacing separate zero-sequence ground-fault protection. It compares three relay and current-transformer schemes by analyzing their unbalance currents,…

Bus differential protection using current transformers with an air gap

This paper examines differential busbar protection using current transformers with steel cores provided with air gaps, proposed as a way to reduce the effects of residual magnetism and core saturation that produce large unbalance currents in conventional schemes. It develops and compares voltage-bal…