SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
This paper presents an analytical procedure for calculating adiabatic and polytropic ideal gas processes when heat capacities vary with temperature, as an alternative to graphical heat diagrams for individual computations. It argues that standard constant heat capacity formulas can be retained if th…
This paper critiques the use of ordinary efficiency as a measure of the perfection of thermal power plants, especially when plants deliver heat at different thermodynamic potentials or combine electric and heat production. It argues that assessment should instead compare the actually useful energy o…
This paper explains the observed dependence of surface roughness in finish turning of steel on cutting speed and feed by relating it to chip-formation phenomena. Drawing on the author’s experiments on steel 5120 and comparative data from other investigators, it argues that built-up edge formation an…
This paper examines distortions in mechanical indicator diagrams of piston machines that arise not from the indicator mechanism itself, but from the drive transmitting piston motion to the indicator drum. Using a compressor test setup with a carefully calibrated Tkachenko stroke reducer, a double wr…
This paper examines the choice of evaporator temperature in a single-stage vacuum unit using low-temperature heated water for power generation. It argues that earlier formulas for the theoretical optimum, associated with Rey, maximize gross work from heated water but neglect the unit’s own energy co…
This paper evaluates the Bargeot principle, which proposes generating mechanical and electrical energy from the winter temperature difference between unfrozen water beneath ice and very cold Arctic air. It reviews earlier proposals and Soviet assessments, then develops approximate thermal, auxiliary…
This paper evaluates the efficiency of a stationary recovery installation that uses hot water accumulated from steam locomotive exhaust heat for power generation and heat supply at a depot. It derives formulae and nomograms for the stationary efficiency relative to heat delivered to the depot and re…
This paper examines how to choose steam extraction points for regenerative feedwater heating in thermal power plants so as to minimize the work lost by diverting steam from expansion to the condenser. Using heat balances for mixing heaters and an approximate Rankine-cycle expression for the work ass…
The paper examines how the efficiency of thermal power plants should be defined when a station produces both electricity and useful heat. It defends an absolute efficiency formula that adds electrical work and supplied heat in the numerator, critiques objections to this treatment, and derives recipr…
This paper examines the problem of negative-sequence currents arising when symmetrical three-phase loads are supplied through asymmetrical power-transmission arrangements, such as grounded-phase lines, phase-by-phase switching, or asymmetrical transformer connections. It distinguishes this case from…
This paper analyzes shortcomings in existing transformer differential protection schemes, focusing on low sensitivity, nonselective operation during external faults or energization, and delays introduced by auxiliary devices. Using circuit analysis and experimental considerations, it derives conditi…
This paper examines differential transformer protection based on voltage balance as an alternative to the conventional circulating-current scheme. It develops a circuit using current transformers with additional secondary windings and an autotransformer, derives conditions for sensitivity, relay res…
This paper proposes a horizontal layout for 3 to 10 kV indoor switchgear as an alternative to conventional vertical multi-story arrangements in power stations. Arguing that low-oil-volume and oil-free circuit breakers remove the need for explosion chambers and extensive corridors, it presents severa…
This paper reports an experimental investigation of how cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut affect surface roughness in finish turning of chromium steel 5120 without coolant. Using a profilograph developed by the author, more than 450 profilograms from 230 machined surfaces were analyzed over wide…
This paper proposes a relay protection scheme for generator units against ground faults that addresses false zero-sequence currents dominated by higher harmonics, especially the third harmonic. Instead of grounding through a reactor or using a frequency filter, the author argues for a wattmeter rela…
The paper addresses the difficulty of obtaining the torque versus speed characteristic of a squirrel-cage induction motor in the unstable region of operation. It proposes a recording method using a separately excited electrical machine as the load, whose torque characteristic can be adjusted through…
This paper investigates transient operating modes of induction motors with special rotor designs, focusing on deep-slot and Boucherot rotors under starting and braking conditions. Using equivalent circuit assumptions and slip-dependent rotor resistance and reactance, it derives practical formulas fo…
This paper examines the difficulty of preventing glaze ice on twisted steel cables, where water penetrates between wires and produces a strong ice bond that resists ordinary mechanical removal. The authors argue that oils, varnishes, and similar coatings cannot reliably prevent icing, while cryohydr…
This paper proposes a speculative application of charged-particle accelerators as sources for high-voltage direct-current power transmission. It argues that accelerated charged particles can be directed onto an insulated conductor, charging it to a potential corresponding to the particle energy, aft…
This article examines the problem of icing on wires and cables, distinguishing glaze ice, rime, and hoarfrost and emphasizing the practical danger of the first two, especially glaze ice. It reviews preventive and removal approaches, noting limitations of electrical heating, and reports laboratory st…
This paper investigates whether corona discharge can prevent rain, fog, snow, and ice from depositing on wires. The authors tested corona wires in coaxial cylinders, near grounded planes, and as parallel wires, using direct and alternating high voltage, artificial rain, low-temperature icing conditi…
This paper investigates how air humidity and precipitation on conductors affect direct-current corona characteristics, especially corona current and critical corona voltage. Using coaxial cylinder, wire-plane, and parallel-wire arrangements exposed to artificial rain, it compares voltage-current cha…
This paper addresses the determination of the weather coefficient, which expresses the reduction of corona critical voltage on conductors covered with precipitation. Assuming that the reduced corona characteristic for dry conductors can be represented by a linear relation and that humidity has littl…
This paper examines the tool life of corn cob roughing cutters in comparison with ordinary cylindrical milling cutters, addressing the tradeoff between lower power consumption and increased edge wear. Matched cutters made from the same steel and heat treatment were tested under controlled milling co…
This paper analyzes the cutting dynamics and power requirements of a corn stripping cutter, whose helical chip breaker geometry divides the removed layer into thin and thick chip portions. It derives expressions for chip geometry, specific cutting work, and mean milling power under several depth-to-…
This paper addresses the time, material, and tool costs of conventional tool life testing for determining cutting performance and metal machinability. It develops an accelerated testing procedure in which cutting speed is increased stepwise, first with equal time intervals and then with geometricall…
Since its discovery at the end of the last century, the stratosphere has always aroused great interest not only among meteorologists but also among scientists in other fields. If at first the causes of its occurrence seemed so mysterious that many even doubted the reality of its existence, it is now…
On March 18, a regular session of the Division of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was held in Moscow.
The article is an abridged and somewhat revised version of the author’s doctoral dissertation, defended by him in March 1945 at the Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
