Recent Papers

Kyiv

Book review: F. Maxfield and R. Benedict. Theory of Gaseous Conduction and Electronics.

Cathode Sputtering

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of the issue of cathode sputtering, both from the standpoint of the experimental data established to date and the nature of this phenomenon.

Continuum Mechanics

Book review: L. Landau and E. Lifshitz. Continuum Mechanics.

Sodium in the Stratosphere

Current Problems in Physics

The rapid development that physics has undergone over the past fifty years has placed this science in an entirely exceptional position. Of course, in a short article written by a single author, it is impossible to outline with any degree of completeness the problems facing physics. One can only atte…

Review of Studies on Resonant Sound Absorbers

NOBEL PRIZES

The 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Otto Hahn. The 1945 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Wolfgang Pauli.

Special Physics Practicum

Improving Well Water Supply

SPECTROSCOPY IN BIOLOGY

Among the various physical methods of investigation, optical methods have recently found the widest application in biology and biochemistry, and among optical methods, spectroscopy offers the most versatile possibilities. All types of spectra and all methods of their excitation are used. A complete …

The book will serve as a valuable (chiefly reference) aid in many physical, chemical, and industrial laboratories.

A NEW METHOD FOR MEASURING SMALL LIGHT FLUXES USING PHOTOCELLS

On Some “Paradoxes” Related to Spectral Expansions

The article examines several apparent contradictions in the field of spectral decompositions which, as practice shows, are encountered quite often by those working in radio and spectroscopy. Errors associated with a misunderstanding of these “paradoxes” have also appeared in a considerable amount of…

Modern Fractionating Pumps

ON MEASURING THE DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON USING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES\*)

A somewhat expanded report delivered on February 1, 1946, at the colloquium of the Oscillations Laboratory of the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

J. Strong. Procedures in experimental Physics

Optics in Military Affairs. A collection of articles edited by Academician S. I. Vavilov and Prof. M. V. Sevastyanova. Third edition, revised and enlarged, in two volumes. Vol. I.

Structure and Elasticity of Rubber

In this review, we seek to show how the elastic and other states of rubber are related to the properties of the molecule and the arrangement of molecules in the material.

Session of the Division of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences Devoted to Problems of Luminescence of Solid and Liquid Bodies

On October 5–10, 1944, a conference on the luminescence of solid and liquid bodies, convened by the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, was held at the Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences.

On the Justification of the Least Squares Method

This paper reexamines the justification of the method of least squares and its relation to the arithmetic mean. Starting from the Laplace and Gauss formulation of compound errors, it develops alternative proofs based on keeping the sought quantity within the smallest possible neighborhood of its tru…

The Optimal Shape of Triangles in Triangulations

This paper reexamines the choice of triangle angles in geodetic triangulation, questioning the usual condition that equates relative errors of connecting and intermediate sides and noting that it does not uniquely imply equality of two angles. It instead minimizes the expression governing the relati…

Determination of Optimal Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Entries Driven in Coal

This paper examines how to determine economically optimal cross sections for coal entries while also satisfying transport and safety requirements. Using Kuzbass mine norms and cost calculations for multiple driving methods, coal strengths, and entry areas, it analyzes the combined costs of driving a…

Analysis of the Operation of Some Loading Mechanisms of Loading Machines

This article examines loading mechanisms for machines used to mechanize coal loading from piles, especially in mine storage yards and related surface or underground conditions. It reviews several multi-bucket, bucket-wheel, and single-bucket designs, comparing their principles of self-loading, force…

Accident-Free Work on the Conveyors of Stakhanovite Comrade Bashkirtseva at the Lenin Mine in Kuzbass

This article examines the role of conveyor reliability in maintaining continuous coal production in longwall mining, focusing on the work practices of Stakhanovite motor operator Natalya Bashkirtseva at a Kuzbass mine. It describes her routine of pre-shift inspection, monitoring during operation, im…

Charging Metal Props for the Mines of the Leninugol Trust in Kuzbass

This article examines the production and charging of simple tubular metal mine props with wooden cores and end plugs at the Leninugol Trust in Kuzbass, where metal supports were introduced to reduce timber consumption, labor demand, costs, and safety risks. It describes the prop design, workshop equ…

Electrical Calculation of the Contact Network and Rail Circuit in Mine Electric Locomotive Haulage

This paper develops calculation procedures for the contact network and rail return circuit in mine electric locomotive haulage. It discusses permissible voltage drops, arguing that short-term fluctuations of 35 to 40 percent may be acceptable, while average voltage drop should be set more strictly t…

On Methods for the Telemechanization of Dispatch Control in Mines

This article argues that telephone-only dispatching is inadequate for increasingly mechanized mines and examines the technical prerequisites for remote control, telemonitoring, and automated regulation. It evaluates operating-current sources, circuit-breaker drives, automation of substations and min…

On the Use of Three-Winding Current Transformers for Supplying Control Current Circuits

This paper examines the replacement of storage battery operating current in mine substations by circuits supplied from current transformers, with emphasis on oil circuit breaker tripping during short circuits. It proposes and analyzes a current transformer with two secondary windings on one core, wh…

On the Question of Determining the Capacity of Scraper Conveyors

This paper examines methods for determining the capacity of scraper conveyors, distinguishing between stationary conveyors with high scrapers and portable conveyors whose scrapers move submerged within the transported material. It critically reviews formulas and empirical coefficients proposed by Ha…

Two Possible Principles for Automating Mine Fan Installations and the Layout of the Automation Scheme

This paper examines automation of mine fan installations as a means to improve ventilation reliability and reduce energy waste caused by changes in mine resistance and gas emission. It distinguishes two control principles: maintaining a constant air delivery, and maintaining only the delivery requir…

A Simple Flaw Detector for Testing Ropes

This paper addresses the need for a practical nondestructive method for assessing the condition of mine hoisting ropes, arguing that counting visible wire breaks and testing cut-off rope ends do not adequately characterize strength along the working length. It proposes a comparative electromagnetic …

Classification of Mining Methods for Ore Deposits

This paper examines the need for a scientifically grounded classification of underground mining systems for ore deposits, emphasizing its role in terminology, practical system selection, and control of ore extraction. It reviews and critiques major Soviet and foreign classifications, including those…

The State and Development Paths of Backfilling Operations in the Prokopyevsk District of Kuzbass

This paper examines the need to expand and rationalize backfilling operations in the Prokopyevsk district of Kuzbass, where thick, steeply dipping, closely spaced, and self-igniting coal seams made caving systems unsafe and wasteful. Drawing on operational observations from 1937 to 1940, it analyzes…

Analysis of the Work of Face Workers in Stoping Faces at the Prokopyevsk Mine of Kuzbass

This paper analyzes the labor organization and working-time balance of coal-face workers in stoping faces at the Prokopyevsk mine in Kuzbass, across several mining systems and coal extraction methods. Based on 150 time observations of 50 leading workers, ten-day production records, and workplace des…

Coal Extraction Using a Shield

This paper examines the development and industrial application of shield-supported coal extraction for thick, steeply dipping seams in the Kuzbass basin. It describes the technical principles of light, heavy, single, double, and paired shields, the associated retreat mining system, preparatory worki…

Development of the Mining System for Thick Seams in Kuzbass over the Past 40 Years

This article reviews the development of mining systems for thick coal seams in the Kuznetsk Basin over roughly forty years, focusing on the technical problem of selecting rational methods for difficult seam conditions. It traces pre-revolutionary trials, early Soviet experiments with horizontal and …

ALEKSANDRA ANDREEVNA GLAGOLEVA-ARKADIEVA

Awarding of the Stalin Prizes

Inertia of Charge Carriers in Copper and Aluminum

In this “pocket-format” book the authors have very thoughtfully selected extensive reference material on mathematics. The book is divided into six sections. The first section: Tabl

Book review: I. N. Bronshtein and K. A. Semendyayev. Handbook of Mathematics for Engineers and Students of Technical Universities.

Hydraulic Model of Klystron-Type Electron-Beam Devices

This article provides a brief description of a hydraulic model of electron-beam devices operating on the principle of velocity modulation of an electron beam (of the klystron type), developed and experimentally tested by the author.

Gregor Wentzel. Einführung in die Quantentheorie der Wellenfelder.

Book review: Gregor Wentzel. Einführung in die Quantentheorie der Wellenfelder.

HEAVY PARTICLES AND NUCLEAR DISINTEGRATIONS (“STARS”) IN COSMIC RAYS

Radar

NEW INTERFEROMETRIC METHODS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE STUDY OF CRYSTALS\*.

This article gives a brief overview of some new techniques recently developed by the author in the field of interferometric optics. These techniques are particularly suitable for studying the details of the topography of nearly plane surfaces; in particular, they have been applied in investigations …

New Data on the Nature of Cosmic Rays

Report at the September Session of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1943.

Conference on Electronics

From July 6 to 9, 1944, inclusive, in Moscow, in the conference hall of the Seismological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, meetings of the Session of the Division of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR were held jointly with the All-Union Scient…

EXTRACTION OF ELECTRONS BY AN ELECTRIC FIELD

Antimony-cesium photocells for ultraviolet radiation

THE CREATIVE PATH OF ACADEMICIAN P. P. LAZAREV

Report at the April Session of the Academy of Sciences, 1942