SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper presents a method for selecting auxiliary resistance coils for electrical measuring instruments when the dissipated power, permissible winding temperature rise, and housing characteristics are known. It formulates the steady state heat balance for a coil enclosed in an instrument case and…
This paper presents a simplified method for estimating the surface temperature rise of additional resistor windings installed inside electrical measuring instrument housings. Starting from steady state heat exchange equations for the coil, case, and surrounding medium, it reduces the calculation to …
This paper develops a calculation method for the steady-state surface overheating of additional resistor windings in electrical measuring instruments enclosed in unventilated cases. The method formulates heat balance equations for heat transfer from the winding to the case by convection and radiatio…
This study examines the direct introduction of an acetoxyethyl ester group into carbazole through reaction with vinyl acetate, aiming to provide intermediates for vinylcarbazole derivatives. The authors show that carbazole reacts readily with vinyl acetate in acetone or methyl ethyl ketone in the pr…
This paper addresses contactless determination of surface tension, volume, and curvilinear surface area for sessile bubbles and pendant drops from their photographed meridional profiles, especially in size and shape ranges not covered by earlier pendant drop tables. It extends the Andreas, Hauser, a…
This paper presents numerical solutions of the Laplace capillarity equation for axisymmetric interfaces with negative shape parameters, addressing a gap in earlier Bashforth, Adams, and Fordham tables for small pendant drops and sessile bubbles. Using arc length as the independent variable for negat…
This paper presents a cryoscopic method for determining molecular weights of organic compounds using a thermistor incorporated into an electrical bridge measuring circuit. A small benzene solution sample is cooled in a measuring cell, and the freezing point depression is obtained from the thermistor…
This study examines the deashing of solid sulfite-alcohol stillage concentrates using weak ammonia water and carbon dioxide, selected as potentially economical reagents when sourced from coke-plant ammonia liquor and flue gases. Experiments were conducted at room temperature by dissolving a KBT-grad…
This study examines the qualitative and quantitative composition of sulfur compounds in crude benzene from coke production at the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Plant and in benzene toluene fractions before and after sulfuric acid washing. Using a modified Faragher method, with adjusted combustion condition…
This study examines the distribution of carbon disulfide and thiophene during sharp rectification of crude-benzene rectification products, including a washed benzene toluene fraction, pure benzene, and benzene for nitration. Using a laboratory column with an efficiency of 28 theoretical plates, the …
This study examines freeze crystallization as a physical method for removing thiophene from coke-chemical benzene, comparing xylene and methanol as low-freezing additives. Commercial benzene containing 0.067% thiophene was mixed with each solvent, cooled, and the separated benzene crystals were filt…
This study examines the application of the vacuum-soda method for removing hydrogen sulfide from pressurized coke-oven gas at a nitrogen-fertilizer plant where existing purification towers were insufficient. Using an operating industrial installation, the authors investigated how soda concentration,…
This study examines how coal charge composition and heating rate influence the hot-state structural strength of coke, with particular attention to charges containing increased proportions of gas coals. Experimental coking was carried out in a narrow steel cassette under modeled heating regimes corre…
This paper addresses the need for more reliable laboratory testing of coke strength under hot conditions that better approximate blast-furnace service than conventional cold mechanical tests. Using Kemerovo coke, the authors systematically examine how sample mass, coke particle size, ball diameter a…
This study examines the production of peat, flux, and ore briquettes for metallurgical use from peat with reduced initial moisture content. Using Bakchar lowland peat, Bakchar iron ore, and Sergeevskoe limestone, the authors prepared molded materials at several peat moisture levels and degrees of me…
This paper examines the high cost and operational limitations of hydraulic peat extraction caused chiefly by field drying of peat hydromass. Drawing on the analogy of papermaking machinery, it proposes a continuous mechanical dewatering process in which filtration on a moving wire screen and roll pr…
This paper reconsiders the mechanism of organic compound synthesis from carbon monoxide and water vapor, questioning a scheme that treats the process mainly as carbon monoxide conversion followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on an iron catalyst. Using macrokinetic considerations and earlier experime…
This study examines how additions of iron ore and limestone flux affect the yield and composition of tar produced during peat semicoking at 550°C. Peats from the Tagan and Vasyugan bogs, and fuel-flux mixtures prepared from them, were semicoked, and the resulting tars were analyzed by group separati…
This study characterizes brown coals from the Itat deposit in the Kansk-Achinsk basin, where large reserves and favorable open-pit mining conditions contrast with limited prior knowledge of technological properties across the deposit. Fifteen borehole samples from different areas were examined using…
This study examines the use of hydrolysis lignin, a large-scale waste product of the alcohol-hydrolysis industry, as a raw material for preparing cation-exchange materials. Air-dry lignin was sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid under varied temperatures and heating times, and the resulting su…
The study examines the vinylation of indole with vinyl acetate as a one-stage route to poly-N-vinylindole, extending earlier work on polymers of N-vinylamines. Indole was reacted with equimolar vinyl acetate in acetone or methyl ethyl ketone using freshly formed mercury(II) sulfate as catalyst, and …
This study examines the synthesis of O,O-diethyl O-nitrolignothiophosphate from nitrated technical lignin and O,O-diethyl chlorothiophosphate in an aqueous alkaline medium. The authors varied reagent ratios, sodium hydroxide, pyridine, reaction time, and temperature, then characterized the products …
This study examines how the amount of vanadium pentoxide affects the alkaline oxidation of sulfuric-acid hydrolysis lignin and the formation of low-molecular-weight ether-soluble products. Lignin was oxidized with 1 to 180% vanadium pentoxide relative to lignin under fixed alkaline conditions, and t…
This study examines alkaline oxidation of sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin from the Krasnoyarsk plant using oxides and oxide hydrates of variable valence metals as additives. Purified lignin was oxidized in sealed ampoules at 180 degrees Celsius for four hours with sodium hydroxide and selected coppe…
This paper systematizes available data on binary phase diagrams of aluminum with other elements in order to characterize primary aluminum-based solid solutions, eutectics, peritectics, and monotectics from a unified periodic perspective. Using reference phase-diagram data, the author compares solubi…
This study examines the reduction of 3-acetyl-9-methylcarbazole and 3-acetyl-9-ethylcarbazole with aluminum isopropoxide as a route to vinyl-substituted carbazoles. Under Meerwein-Ponndorf conditions in isopropyl alcohol, the reactions unexpectedly give the corresponding isopropyl ethers of 3-(alpha…
This study addresses the preparation of chlorinated 9-vinylcarbazole monomers of interest for evaluating substituent effects on carbazole-based polymers. Because direct acetylene vinylation and direct dehydration of hydroxyethyl intermediates were found to be impractical or low yielding, the authors…
This study examines the synthesis of 3,6-diacetyl derivatives of several 9-alkylcarbazoles by acetylation with acetyl chloride containing a small amount of acetyl bromide in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride. The authors compare reagent proportions, temperature, solvent, reaction time, and…
This study examines the acetylation of carbazole to prepare 3,6-diacetylcarbazole, an intermediate for the synthesis of 3,6-divinylcarbazole. Carbazole was reacted with acetyl chloride, with a small addition of acetyl bromide, in dry benzene in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride, and the ef…
This study develops a preparative method for 9-(beta-hydroxy)ethyl derivatives of halogen-substituted carbazoles, compounds of interest as possible intermediates for 9-vinyl derivatives and related applications. The authors apply oxyethylation of 3-chloro-, 3,6-dichloro-, 3-bromo-, and 3,6-dibromoca…
This study addresses the identification and independent synthesis of 9-(alpha-ethoxy)ethylcarbazole, previously obtained through alcoholysis of 9-(alpha-acetoxy)ethylcarbazole formed from carbazole and vinyl acetate. The authors examine the reaction of carbazole with alpha-chloroethyl ether, prepare…
This study optimizes the preparation of 2,2′-diphenic acid monomethylamide, a precursor whose sodium salt had previously shown notable herbicidal activity. The compound was obtained by acylating methylamine with diphenic anhydride, and the effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on yield a…
This study extends prior work on biologically active derivatives of 2,2′-diphenic acid by synthesizing thirteen previously undescribed substituted monoamides. The compounds were prepared by acylating a range of amines with diphenic anhydride in dry xylene, then isolated through salt formation, acid …
Several derivatives of 9-fluorenone-4-carboxylic acid and related diphenic acid compounds were synthesized as part of a search for biologically active substances. Methyl 9-fluorenone-4-carboxylate was condensed with selected aromatic amines to give crystalline anils, which were characterized by melt…
This paper examines the petrography, structure, and petrochemistry of the Chanysh intrusive massif in Gorny Altai, with attention to its significance for assessing gold mineralization. Based on field observations, microscopic petrographic descriptions, structural relations, and chemical variation di…
This paper summarizes a paleontological study of archaeocyathid-like fossils from ancient carbonate strata of the Krasnoyarsk Ridge in the northwestern Eastern Sayan, focusing on their morphology, ontogeny, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic significance. The author proposes the new order…
This study examines the morphology, mineral composition, and genesis of the oxidation zone at the Mainskoye copper-pyrite deposit, using surface exposures, underground correlations, microscopy, chemical analyses, spectral analyses, and clay-mineral identification. The author distinguishes bleached r…
This study examines linear and point dislocation features in magnetite crystals from the Dashkesan iron ore deposit and considers their role in martitization. Using polished sections, hydrofluoric acid etching, reflected light microscopy, and X-ray checks, the authors describe relict growth zoning, …
This paper examines the migration of trace elements in natural waters of the Tom-Yaya interfluve in Western Siberia, where humid climate, fault zones, varied bedrock, weathering crusts, and unconsolidated deposits produce complex hydrogeochemical conditions. Using data from rocks, waters, and bottom…
The paper addresses the limitations of common equipment for test pumping from hydrogeological wells, especially low efficiency, dependence on compressors, and poor suitability for wells with low dynamic water levels. It proposes adapting the principle of oil-field hydraulic piston pumps to a compact…
This paper addresses the practical difficulty of determining the specific gravity of paraffin, whose density is typically lower than that of water and therefore cannot be measured by ordinary hydrostatic weighing. It proposes a simplified method that attaches a sinker to the paraffin sample, measure…
This paper examines the tectonic structure of the Leninsky coal district in the central part of Kuzbass, using mine observations and geological exploration data to reassess an area previously regarded as comparatively simple. It identifies a block, imbricate structure formed by five major slices bou…
This paper examines geological and industrial classification of coal deposits in the Kuzbass, with particular attention to how tectonic structure affects exploration conditions and drilling requirements. It compares earlier classification schemes and argues that basin-wide or deposit-wide types do n…
This paper examines the structure of the Lower Cambrian basement beneath the South Minusinsk Depression, which had not been reached by drilling and therefore was inferred from surrounding outcrops and geophysical data. Using magnetic, gravity, and seismic survey materials from 1950 to 1960, includin…
This paper develops the author’s application of the hypsometric law of physicochemistry to the problem of magmatic differentiation and magma formation. Using published average chemical analyses and densities for intrusive rock types, it converts oxide weight percentages into partial molecular number…
This paper examines visible ring patterns that form during evaporation from saturated salt solutions, distilled water, drinking water, and alcohol, especially in relation to crystallization from supersaturated solutions. Based on prolonged room-temperature observations in vessels of different sizes,…
This paper examines tectonic disturbance in the Kemerovo district of the Kuznetsk Basin and its significance for coal exploration, mine planning, and prediction of disturbed mine fields. Using detailed observations from mines, open pits, and geological sections, it characterizes three tectonic subzo…
This paper examines postmagmatic alteration of dike rocks in the Kommunarovskoye gold ore field of Khakassia and its relation to skarn metasomatism and quartz gold mineralization. Using field relationships, petrographic observations, optical mineral determinations, and petrochemical balance calculat…
This paper examines the origin and gold-bearing significance of ancient dioritoid intrusive bodies in the Kommunarovsky ore field, where quartz gold deposits and gold-bearing skarn-magnetite lenses occur. Using geological-structural observations, petrographic descriptions, petrochemical recalculatio…
This paper examines the material composition, petrographic types, and genesis of Jurassic brown coals in the Kansk-Achinsk Basin, with emphasis on thick seams of major industrial importance. Using petrographic, granulometric, paleobotanical, spore-pollen, and related laboratory methods, the study di…
