SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper develops a modeling approach for a three-phase induction generator operating in pulsed mode with a single-phase load, motivated by the losses and asymmetry associated with single-phase self-excitation. The authors formulate the transient problem by combining generalized two-phase machine …
This paper examines how electromagnetic asymmetry of the rotor affects the load current of a pulsed machine-commutated generator operating through a rectifier into an active load. Using a synchronous-generator model in rotating coordinates and simplifying the initial transient by treating the rotor …
This paper applies statistical design of experiments to the analysis of transient processes in a synchronous pulse generator whose nonlinear differential equations include periodic coefficients, circuit switching, and magnetic saturation. Using a generator model based on the full transient equations…
This paper examines the design of shock generators intended to operate at reduced voltage frequency as a means of increasing the electromagnetic energy delivered to an inductive load in a single current pulse. Using numerical calculations for machines with fixed overall dimensions, the authors analy…
This paper examines the use of district heating networks for urban snow melting, focusing on higher capacity installations arranged in cascade along interdistrict heat pipelines rather than at individual consumer substations. It describes a contact snow-melting unit using heated circulating meltwate…
This paper reports experimental tests of snow-melting installations intended to support the design and adjustment of industrial units using heated circulating meltwater. The study examined a modified direct-flow P-3 spray nozzle and determined permissible thermal loading of the snow-melter body unde…
This paper examines how end drying checks affect the quality and grading of sawn timber, especially in the context of kiln drying and automatic process control. The authors propose an economic criterion for permissible end checking, comparing the value of a full-length lower-grade board with that of…
This paper addresses the problem of detecting and controlling lumber cracking during the early stages of kiln drying, where standard drying schedules may be nonoptimal for particular batches and can lead to rejects. It reviews existing indirect control signals, such as moisture content, shrinkage, a…
The paper evaluates the thermal efficiency of alternative schemes for preliminary heating district heating network makeup water in the condensers of three turbines at a combined heat and power plant. It compares permissible condenser connection arrangements by calculating changes in plant fuel consu…
This paper discusses the use of analog computers to tune industrial automation controllers, addressing the difficulty of calculating optimal parameters for complex, high-order, and nonlinear automatic control systems. It argues for coupling a real industrial controller to a plant model implemented o…
This paper examines alternative schemes for preheating heating-network makeup water in turbine condensers at a combined heat and power plant operating mainly according to a heat schedule. Seven possible arrangements using the condensers of selected turbine generators are evaluated by heat-balance ca…
This paper derives recurrence relations for selected hypergeometric functions from known continued fraction identities. It treats the Gauss hypergeometric function, the confluent hypergeometric function, and the generalized series 2F0, using transformations of ratios of contiguous functions to expre…
The paper studies the computation of positive real roots of functions represented by entire power series with positive coefficients, focusing on the relation between root locations and continued fractions for the logarithmic derivative. It proves positivity of the coefficients in the corresponding c…
This paper examines the formation and development of end checks during accelerated drying of pine lumber, with attention to their impact on drying quality and technological rejects. The authors describe experiments on pine specimens dried in a cabinet at about 100 degrees Celsius, using an automatic…
This paper examines automatic regulation of superheated steam temperature in boiler units operating under variable load, where changes in load alter the dynamic characteristics of the superheater and degrade control quality. Using Aleksandrova’s tuning method, the authors calculate optimal parameter…
This paper examines the unusual “fractional” melting behavior of ash from low-ash Berezovsky coal in the Kansk-Achinsk basin, a problem relevant to selecting suitable furnace and slag-removal systems for energy use. Based on heating experiments on ash samples between 1150 and 1400°C, visual observat…
This study examines selective, or fractional, melting of ash from low-ash Berezovsky coal and evaluates a capillary suction method for quantitatively separating liquid melt from solid residue during heating. Ash samples from the original fuel and from coal-dust density fractions were heated on porou…
This study examines the distribution and properties of the initial mineral matter in Berezovsky coal in relation to slag formation and ash deposits during pulverized combustion. Pulverized coal was separated by particle size and by density in liquids of different specific gravity, and the resulting …
This paper examines how the distribution of cooling surface between two water passes affects the average heat flux during condensation of pure saturated steam in horizontal tube bundles. Using heat transfer correlations for condensation, tube wall resistance, and water-side convection, the author ca…
This paper examines how the assumed replacement capacity of a condensing power plant affects the thermal economic efficiency of using condenser heat losses from a district-heating turbine to preheat make-up water for a heat network. It develops criteria for determining the limiting specific heat con…
This paper analyzes fuel savings at combined heat and power plants when heat normally lost in district-heating turbine condensers is used to preheat make-up water for the heat network. It develops heat-balance relations for turbine operation with conventional circulating-water condenser cooling and …
The paper argues that conventional steam turbine cycles are entering a stage of technical and economic degradation as power systems increasingly require variable-load operation rather than purely base-load generation. It presents steam turbine plants with adiabatic phase formation as an alternative …
The paper argues that the development of Soviet condensing thermal power plants followed a problematic trajectory associated with large base-load steam-turbine units and supercritical steam parameters. Using comparisons with United States practice, operating data for Soviet 200 and 300 MW units, and…
This paper argues that the development of modern electric power systems is constrained by the properties of the traditional steam turbine cycle, especially in large base load thermal power plants using high and supercritical steam parameters. It analyzes technical and economic trends in world power …
This paper examines ground fault protection for compensated electric networks in which substation feeders consist of several parallel cables, requiring selective identification of the damaged cable and possible fault location. It analyzes a method that superimposes a 25 Hz control current on the net…
This paper analyzes the phase-angle error of the zero-sequence voltage obtained from the open-delta secondary winding of an NTMI-type voltage transformer, with attention to how ambient temperature variations affect devices for ground-fault signaling in compensated networks. Using voltage-balance equ…
This paper describes a semiconductor power direction relay intended to eliminate the voltage “dead zone” that can cause incorrect operation of directional current protection during close three-phase short circuits. The proposed design combines a two-half-period transistor phase-sensitive circuit wit…
The paper addresses the measurement of mean values, or mathematical expectations, of stationary ergodic random electrical processes for applications such as power-system analysis and automatic control. It argues that analog averaging is preferable to discrete analysis for preserving information, but…
This paper addresses selective 100 percent protection of stator windings against ground faults in enlarged generating units, where several generators operate on a common transformer winding and conventional protections may leave a dangerous dead zone or fail to identify the damaged generator. The au…
The paper examines how a transformer’s rated limb power depends on short-circuit voltage, treated through the reactive component of short-circuit resistance. Using standard transformer design relations, the authors derive an expression linking limb power to core dimensions, winding geometry, magneti…
This paper examines how impregnating varnish affects the reliability of turn insulation in induction motor windings, where insulation failure is identified as a major cause of premature motor failure. The authors propose model tests that simulate adjacent damaged enameled conductors in a motor slot,…
This paper addresses the quantitative determination of defectiveness in enamel insulation of winding wires used in low-voltage electrical equipment, where failures are primarily associated with through defects such as punctures, cuts, and cracks. It defines defectiveness probabilistically, relates i…
This paper examines whether thermal aging increases through defects in the enamel insulation of low-voltage winding wires, contributing to failures beyond the run-in period. The authors define wire defectiveness from breakdown-voltage distributions and test PEV-2 and PETV-F-35 wire specimens aged at…
This paper examines how elevated temperature and mechanical vibration jointly affect turn insulation defects in asynchronous motor windings. Stator mock-ups wound with PETV-F-35 wire and impregnated according to AO2-32-4 motor manufacturing practice were exposed to temperatures of 200 and 220°C with…
This study examines failure of defective turn and ground insulation in asynchronous motor windings under the simultaneous action of industrial-frequency operating voltage and commutation-type impulse overvoltages. Tests on AO2-32-4 stator models with artificial cuts and punctures varied impulse ampl…
This study examines the condition and expected serviceability of paper-impregnated insulation in a 10 kV SB 3×95 power cable after 30 years of operation with partial depletion caused by leakage of impregnating compound through sheath cracks. Electrical and mechanical characteristics, including diele…
Thermal expansion of polymer films used as electrical insulation is examined in relation to the internal stresses that can arise when films operate alongside materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion. Using a dilatometric method adapted for thin films, the study measures dimensional…
This paper examines whether ionization in gas inclusions within cast epoxy insulation can cause turn-to-turn short circuits in high-voltage transformer windings. Model winding specimens with epoxy main insulation were tested under alternating voltage, comparing samples with naturally formed air incl…
This paper examines the relationship between volumetric thermal expansion and glass transition temperature in amorphous thermosetting polymers, with emphasis on modified epoxy compounds relevant to insulating structures. Using quartz dilatometry and interferometry, the authors measured expansion coe…
This study examines how vulcanizing systems and fillers affect dielectric losses in ethylene propylene rubber vulcanizates during ionization aging. Vulcanizates cured with dicumyl peroxide or sulfur, with and without mineral fillers, were tested by measuring dielectric loss tangent and permittivity …
This paper examines whether long-term breakdown of solid electrical insulation containing gas inclusions is governed primarily by erosive wear from partial discharges or by enhanced local electric fields around ionized inclusions. Using three-layer polyethylene film specimens with artificial holes o…
This study examines unfilled compounds based on the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin CY-180 cured with hexahydrophthalic anhydride, chlorendic anhydride, and their mixtures, with attention to electrical strength, mechanical strength, curing behavior, and dendrite resistance. Curing kinetics were assessed …
This paper proposes a procedure for choosing the conductor cross section of high-voltage flexible cables used with mobile equipment, where insulation life is affected not only by heating but also by mechanical stresses during bending. The method compares the nominally selected section with smaller s…
This study examines the resistance of enamel insulation on PETV-F-35 enameled wire to repeated pulse voltages characteristic of switching overvoltages in electrical machines and apparatus. Twisted wire samples were tested under pulse amplitudes of 2 to 8 kV, different wave-front durations, and tempe…
This paper theoretically examines how a finite measuring aperture transforms fluctuation noise in photographic blackening, extending earlier point aperture estimates of the rms noise and spectral density. Using the transfer characteristic of a rectangular slit aperture, the authors derive expression…
The paper discusses design requirements and operating features of betatrons used as sources of extracted high-energy electron beams for radiation flaw detection and introscopy. It relates the choice of electron energy to inspected mass thickness and practical shielding constraints, then describes el…
This paper investigates the formation and possible capture of the large nonstationary electron current that arises during multi-turn injection in betatrons and related accelerators. Using trajectory calculations for a 15 MeV betatron based on the radial betatron oscillation equation with azimuthally…
This paper surveys medium-energy betatrons developed and manufactured at the Research Institute of Electronic Introscopy for industrial radiographic flaw detection, medical use, and related experimental applications. It explains the advantages of betatrons as high-energy bremsstrahlung sources for i…
This paper proposes an electron injection method for cyclic accelerators with a central magnetic flux, especially betatrons, intended to avoid the current limitations and operational complexity of conventional inflector systems. The method places a cylindrical diode injector in the accelerator’s cen…
This paper analyzes factors affecting the stabilization of radiation intensity and pulse timing in pulsed betatrons, with emphasis on changes in magnet circuit parameters caused by thermal operating conditions. It compares power supply systems without artificial commutation using inductive and capac…
