SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper proposes a derivatographic method for determining the analytical moisture content of solid fuels, with attention to peat and brown coal where moisture release and thermal decomposition can overlap during thermal analysis. Using TG and DTG curves, the authors identify the inflection point …
This study examines natural drying of machine-formed peat and peat mixed with finely ground magnetite concentrate for fuel-smelting materials, focusing on how iron oxides affect drying kinetics and structure formation. Cylindrical samples were dried in air while mass, dimensions, moisture distributi…
This paper examines structural changes in capillary-porous colloidal bodies during drying, using peat as the principal example and focusing on hydraulic pore radius as an averaged measure of water-conducting pores. The authors relate hydraulic pore radius to capillary pressure through the Laplace eq…
A combined experimental setup is described for studying the pyrolysis of solid fuels, addressing the difficulty of comparing thermogravimetric, thermographic, and volumetric data obtained under differing conditions. The apparatus modifies a derivatograph with a quartz attachment for continuous withd…
This study examines structure formation in wet processed peat stock and the effect of adding finely dispersed iron oxides. Peat samples from the Tagan deposit were tested with and without a 10 percent iron oxide addition, and changes in ultimate shear stress were measured over time using a conical p…
This study examines chemical changes in peat during thermal briquetting as a possible factor in the formation of strong briquette structures. Peat from the Tagan deposit was heated to 250°C and compared with briquettes produced at the same temperature under 300 kg/cm2 pressure, with group compositio…
This paper examines errors in determining kinetic parameters for the nonisothermal pyrolysis and thermal decomposition of solid fuels under linear temperature programming. The authors argue that conventional processing of differential and integral thermogravimetric or volumetric curves often treats …
This study examines the role of chemical transformations in the formation of strong peat thermobriquettes during preliminary heating to about 260 to 280°C. Using electron paramagnetic resonance measurements on peat samples of different decomposition types, the authors track changes in the concentrat…
This paper examines the thermal balance of blast-furnace smelting when peat is used as fuel, a practice known to lower shaft temperatures because of peat moisture and high volatile content. Using established blast-furnace calculation schemes, the authors estimate the thermal equivalent and required …
This study examines structural changes in molded peat ore material during heat treatment, with attention to how its behavior differs from peat without ore additive and from conventional coke. Samples made from lowland peat with iron ore concentrate were heated to 400, 800, and 1200°C and evaluated b…
This study examines tar formed during laboratory blast-furnace smelting with peat fuel-smelting materials in a burden containing hard-coal coke. The tar, collected from condensation equipment and purified from mechanical impurities by solvent extraction, was characterized by fractional distillation,…
This study examines the yields of chemical products formed during laboratory blast furnace smelting using peat fuel flux materials, with a charge containing 65 percent peat based material and 35 percent hard coal coke. The authors measured gas composition, tar, gas gasoline, unsaturated compounds, a…
This paper reports the application of an acylation method for introducing acyl residues into 4-N-methylaminoantipyrine, a secondary amine of the pyrazolone series. Instead of using acid chlorides, the procedure reacts 4-methylaminoantipyrine with free carboxylic acids in anhydrous benzene in the pre…
A series of N-(β-hydroxyethyl)urea acylation products was prepared as part of a search for compounds with possible anticonvulsant activity. N-(β-Hydroxyethyl)urea was acylated with fatty carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorus trichloride, or with the corresponding acid chlorides, and the eff…
This study examines the benzoylation of 4-aminoantipyrine with benzoyl chloride, a reaction relevant to the synthesis of biologically active acyl derivatives, and evaluates the influence of solvent, temperature, reaction time, and acid or base catalysts. Experiments compared benzene and p-xylene med…
This paper presents theoretical and experimental results on low-frequency inductive parametrons operating in frequency-repetition mode, a regime previously treated with limited attention to higher harmonics and phase variation. Using experimental phase measurements and harmonic-balance analysis, the…
This paper addresses selective amplitude and phase analysis of harmonic components in electrical signals from nonlinear circuits, focusing on the generator of selecting signals and the synchronous detector as the critical elements of an amplitude-phase harmonic analyzer. It compares three approaches…
This paper describes the design basis and implementation of a low-noise selective amplifier for signals from visible and infrared photodetectors, especially photoresistors with specified dark resistance, intrinsic noise, and time constant ranges. The authors relate photodetector detectivity, thresho…
This paper describes a nanosecond pulse generator based on rapid capacitor discharge through thyristor switching. The proposed circuit adapts a single-cycle pulse-shaping scheme by using a pulse current transformer as the load and adding a saturable inductor to shorten the pulse leading edge, while …
The paper addresses the choice of optimal pole-system dimensions in direct-current machines with series compound excitation, a design problem not covered by existing calculation methods that mainly verify performance for given geometries. It develops an analytical optimization procedure using the no…
This paper examines a brushless synchronous machine with combined excitation, in which part of the pole system is excited by permanent magnets and the remaining poles by an external excitation winding. It develops approximate no-load and load relations by treating the magnetic and electromagnetic fl…
This paper addresses the calculation of the effective pole arc coefficient in alternating-pulsating electrical machines with combined excitation and magnetically soft pole shoes, where the zero crossing of air-gap induction depends on pole geometry and excitation level. Using the method of magnetic …
The paper analyzes sinusoidal oscillatory modulation of radiant flux by two raster disks or masks oscillating relative to one another about a common axis, a configuration relevant to optoelectronic devices. It derives general series expressions for the modulation function for a uniformly distributed…
The paper analyzes the measurement accuracy of a correlation based optical method for determining the relative rotation angle of two objects about a common axis. It separates total relative error into optoelectronic and electromechanical components, then derives error expressions for sinusoidal and …
This paper describes a semi-automatic system for processing graphical data from physics experiments using a semiconductor photosensitive scanistor sensor and digital recording equipment. It analyzes factors affecting scanistor signal timing and measurement error, including illumination, sawtooth-gen…
The paper addresses determination of the angular frequency characteristic of coherent sources whose radiation pattern consists of narrow hollow cones, where emission frequency is linked to cone aperture angle. It proposes using heterodyne reception with a Doppler shifted copy of the radiation produc…
This paper examines measurement and control considerations for low-power electric drives producing torsional oscillations, using a two-phase asynchronous motor with a hollow rotor as the actuator. It analyzes oscillatory modulation of luminous flux as an optoelectronic method for determining oscilla…
This paper addresses the practical calculation of smoothing chokes for a specified voltage drop when standardized magnetic cores are used. It outlines an engineering approach based on selecting a core size from the coefficient defined by core cross section, window area, and mean turn length, then us…
This paper develops an analytical method for selecting the parameters of a T-type LCL smoothing filter for a rectifier so that a specified techno-economic index, chiefly overall volume, is minimized while meeting a prescribed smoothing coefficient. The authors express the filter volume in terms of t…
The paper addresses the engineering calculation of smoothing chokes when a permissible voltage drop, rather than only a thermal limit, is specified. Drawing on previously derived design formulas, it presents a step-by-step procedure for selecting core type and material, determining permissible resis…
This paper analyzes the forced motion of a gyrointegrator of linear accelerations when its base undergoes angular oscillations about an axis perpendicular to the instrument’s outer axis. Starting from the equations of motion, the authors transform the disturbance terms into components at combination…
This paper analyzes the kinematics of a spatial gyrostabilizer with a gimbal suspension, focusing on how platform stabilization errors are represented relative to suspension axes and to a reference coordinate system. It derives general expressions for the absolute angular velocity projections of the…
This paper addresses the synthesis of an aircraft stabilization system subject to two external random disturbances, control signal noise and wind gusts, with attention to the effect of saturation in one system element. Using spectral density expressions for the disturbances and a Lagrange multiplier…
This paper develops a method for selecting manufacturing tolerances for pressure gauge springs by relating deviations in geometric and mechanical parameters to deviations in spring-end displacement. Using differential error analysis and existing calculation formulas for thin-walled springs, it deriv…
This paper addresses the engineering calculation of welded pressure gauge springs made from profiled strips, a design whose wider production use was limited by the lack of practical calculation methods. It discusses how the general theory of pressure gauge springs can be adapted to welded constructi…
This paper investigates isotope effects during electromigration of tin ions in molten tin halides, focusing on how the mass effect depends on salt composition and ion properties. Experiments were performed with molten tin chloride, bromide, and iodide in packed electrolytic cells, followed by chemic…
This paper develops a theoretical and experimental treatment of continuous two-dimensional electrochromatographic separation of isotopic ionic mixtures, in which electromigration and hydrodynamic transport occur in perpendicular directions. The authors derive material-balance equations for ion-excha…
This paper examines isotope separation by electrodialysis in systems containing ion-exchange membranes and electrolyte solution. It formulates a transport model for a countercurrent multichamber electrodialyzer, deriving steady and nonstationary concentration distributions for the light isotope unde…
This paper evaluates options for establishing production of concentrated phosphate fertilizers in Western Siberia using local and imported phosphate raw materials. It compares acid and electrothermal methods for producing phosphoric acid and double superphosphate, calculating production costs, speci…
This paper examines granule formation in a high-boron batch for 3S-5K electrovacuum glass, a process of interest because granulation can improve production conditions and reduce losses of volatile boron compounds. The authors determine specific surface area, maximum molecular moisture capacity, capi…
This study examines whether common salt promotes chlorinating roasting during the thermal calcination of calcium lignosulfonate, a component of granulated charges used in green silicon carbide production. Samples of dry sulfite-alcohol stillage concentrate mixed with sodium chloride were calcined un…
The paper examines why laboratory methods for determining the “shock” temperature of green iron ore pellets produced values higher than those observed in industrial drying. It argues that the discrepancy arises from inadequate modeling of heat exchange in a pellet bed, since production behavior depe…
This study examines how the specific gravity of dispersed mineral materials affects their agglomerability during pelletizing, alongside moisture capacity, porosity, and compaction behavior. Samples of iron ore concentrate, ilmenite concentrate, quartz sand, limestone, and brown iron ore were prepare…
This paper examines the use of trace additions of the K-4 structuring agent, a partially saponified polyacrylonitrile product, to improve pelletizing of fine-grained iron ore concentrate. The authors relate pellet strength to the correspondence between maximum molecular moisture capacity and working…
This paper proposes a practical method for calculating the optimum moisture content for pelletizing dispersed materials by relating it to measurable moisture-capacity parameters. The authors use maximum molecular moisture capacity and capillary moisture capacity to define a granulatability index, th…
A rapid procedure is proposed for determining the optimum moisture content of fine-grained materials before pelletizing, addressing the time-consuming laboratory trials normally used for this purpose. The method models pelletizing by vibrational compaction of moist dispersed materials, then relates …
This study examines the use of small additions of the K-4 structure-forming agent to improve vacuum filtration of fine-grained magnetite concentrates containing clay and slime fractions. Laboratory filtration tests on Sokolovsko-Sarbaiskie concentrate, conducted at constant vacuum with varying solid…
This paper examines the use of manganese compounds as inexpensive additives for improving ammonium sulfate crystallization in coke-chemical saturator production. Laboratory crystallization experiments compared manganese sulfate, manganese-containing dye-production liquors, and sulfuric acid solution…
This study examines the deep beneficiation of fine anthracite intended for electrothermal applications, especially silicon carbide production, where low ash content is required. Using Donets Basin anthracite, the authors compare size classification, density separation, and laboratory flotation with …
This study examines whether flocculating reagents can intensify vacuum filtration of fine coal suspensions by improving cake structure and reducing cake resistance. Laboratory tests on coal suspensions from Chertinskaya 1 and Baibanakovskaya mine seams compared lime, salts, ferric chloride, calcium …
