SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
This article surveys the development of the USSR mining industry from its prerevolutionary origins through the first four decades after the October Revolution. Using historical production figures, examples of mine reconstruction, and comparisons across periods, it contrasts the low mechanization, sm…
This article surveys the industrial development of the Kuznetsk coal basin from the pre-revolutionary period through the mid-1950s, emphasizing the expansion of output under Soviet planning and the changing geography of production among Kuzbass mining districts. Using production figures, reserve dis…
This study examines ammonia oxidation under elevated pressure over cobalt aluminum oxide catalysts, focusing on how aluminum oxide addition and mechanical pressing affect nitric oxide formation. Catalysts containing 5, 10, and 15% aluminum oxide were prepared by coprecipitation, with selected compos…
This paper investigates the production and hardening behavior of a binder made from solid fuel ash activated by simultaneous grinding with unslaked lime. Using compressive strength tests, chemical analysis, and thermal analysis, the authors examine the effects of fineness, curing time, and water or …
The paper proposes a mechanistic interpretation of ammonia oxidation under elevated pressure over iron, bismuth, manganese oxide and cobalt-containing catalysts. Using the hydroxylamine hypothesis, it explains previously observed dependencies of nitric oxide yield on space velocity, temperature, pre…
This paper examines whether refractory materials used in coke-oven chamber linings influence crude benzene yields during coal coking. Laboratory coking experiments with Kiselevsk coal were conducted in a two-section tubular furnace, with coal distillation products passed over separate charges of cha…
This study evaluates phenothiazine as a reagent for the qualitative detection and photocolorimetric determination of nitrite ions, addressing limitations of existing colorimetric and Griess-type reactions in the presence of other oxidants or colored and turbid samples. Phenothiazine reacts with nitr…
This study examines why established titrimetric methods for determining tellurium by reduction of tellurite to elemental tellurium fail in lead-containing alloys. Experiments with pure tellurium, artificial mixtures, and tellurium alloys tested lactose and several alternative reducing agents, includ…
This paper addresses the titrimetric determination of antimony and tellurium in antimony tellurium master alloys without preliminary separation. The authors compare permanganate, bromate, and dichromate oxidants in hydrochloric sulfuric acid media using methyl red and related endpoint procedures, th…
This paper proposes a simplified gravimetric method for determining mercury as mercuric sulfide by replacing sulfur extraction with carbon disulfide with oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solution. The authors show that, under these conditions, excess sulfur associated with thiosulfate or s…
This study experimentally evaluates a proposed titrimetric method for determining iodide, bromide, and chloride ions in mixtures using potassium iodate in an aqueous acetone medium. The authors test the reproducibility of iodide titration, the effects of bromide and chloride ions, and the feasibilit…
This paper examines how external electrolytes affect the solubility, solubility product, and activity coefficient of silver bromate, a problem presented as important for improving analytical precipitation methods. Using iodometric determination of bromate ions and gravimetric determination of silver…
This paper examines gravimetric methods for determining sodium and potassium in low-mineralized natural waters, where conventional alkali-metal determinations are hindered by the high solubility of their salts and often replaced by calculation. The authors develop and test procedures using magnesium…
This paper describes a laboratory apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water as a practical alternative to generating hydrogen from metals and acids when regular or substantial quantities are needed. It presents the construction and operation of a multi-cell glass electrolyzer using n…
This paper describes a compact laboratory installation for producing carbon monoxide in quantities suitable for synthesis work, addressing the cost and purity limitations of common acid decomposition methods. The proposed setup generates carbon monoxide by passing carbon dioxide through electrically…
This study examines how heating temperature and secondary pyrolysis conditions affect the distribution of sulfur among the products of high-sulfur Kizel coal pyrolysis. Experiments were conducted at 500 to 800°C in an enlarged laboratory unit with separately controlled furnace heating and fractional…
This study examines the chemical destruction of organic matter in gas-type bituminous coal from the Leninsk deposit in Kuzbass, using the working hypothesis that coal is an amorphous high-molecular substance formed through natural polycondensation reactions. Coal samples were treated with aqueous an…
This study examines whether aromatic hydrocarbons can be obtained by pyrolyzing fractions of primary tar from brown coal of the Yarskoye deposit in Tomsk Oblast. Debenzolized tar vapors were passed over fireclay packing at 650 to 680°C, with separate treatment of distillates below 300°C and those fr…
This study examines how humic acids may contribute to coal genesis through selective dehydration and decarboxylation under conditions simulating metamorphism. Peat humic acids from the Tagan Bog were heated as dry substances, aqueous gels, and sodium, ammonium, calcium, and barium humates at 170 to …
This paper proposes a simple indicator scale for visually determining the color intensity of dark petroleum products, a task not adequately served by existing colorimeters or solution standards designed mainly for light-colored products. The authors describe a ten-standard scale made from sodium sal…
This paper reports the preparation of several previously little studied derivatives of 4(5)-nitroimidazole-5(4)-carboxylic acid and the corresponding amino compounds. Nitroimidazolecarboxylic acid was obtained from oxymethylimidazole sulfate by a modified nitration procedure using potassium nitrate,…
This study examines the use of the formaldehyde method to separate carbazole and anthracene from crude anthracene, addressing limitations of existing potassium melt and pyridine processes. Experiments with pure carbazole, artificial carbazole and anthracene mixtures, and enriched crude anthracene ev…
This study examines pyrazolone monoazo dyes prepared from previously synthesized 2-, 3-, and 4-aminobenzoylaminoantipyrines as diazo components. The authors diazotized the hydrochlorides of these acylaminoantipyrines and coupled them with several azo components, then characterized selected products …
This study examines whether the antipyretic activity of acyl derivatives of 4-aminoantipyrine is related to their hydrolysis rate, on the assumption that physiological action depends on cleavage of the molecule in the organism. Several derivatives were prepared or selected, hydrolyzed under controll…
This paper describes a chemical method for isolating trimethylamine from methylamine mixtures that cannot be fully separated by simple rectification because of binary azeotrope formation. The method uses exchange reactions of ammonium salts in aqueous solution, exploiting differences in the basicity…
This study examines the direct iodination of monoiodobenzoic acids in the presence of a nitrating mixture, extending earlier work on halogenation of aromatic compounds. Experiments with p-iodobenzoic acid gave 3,4-diiodobenzoic acid in about 47 to 48 percent yield under optimized conditions using io…
This study examines the iodination of phenol and resorcinol by iodine and iodine chloride in ether, both alone and in the presence of pyridine, in light of pyridine’s activating effect in related halogenation reactions. Comparative experiments using different reagent ratios showed that free iodine w…
This study examines how substituents influence complex formation between aromatic nitro or halonitro compounds and aromatic amines, treating nitro compounds as electron acceptors and amines as electron donors. Using mainly colorimetric analysis in benzene, supplemented by cryoscopy, precipitation, a…
This study reports the synthesis and preliminary characterization of complex compounds formed by benzidine and p-anisidine with divalent copper salts, including chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and acetate. The compounds were prepared by mixing cold saturated aqueous and alcoholic solutions of the compon…
This study examines complex formation and condensation reactions of pyrazolone derivatives, chiefly antipyrine and pyramidon, with oxygen-containing organic compounds. Complexes with aromatic carboxylic acids, higher fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids were prepared from melts, recrys…
This study examines the preparation and antibacterial activity of amine complexes with 2-bromo-4-nitrophenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-nitrophenol. Seventeen previously undescribed crystalline complexes were synthesized, characterized by composition, nitrogen analysis, melting point, solubility, and color, …
This study examines possible complex formation in binary systems of nitrobenzene with nitric acid and with butyric acid through physicochemical analysis. Densities and viscosities were measured for nitrobenzene, nitric acid mixtures at 0 and 10°C, and for nitrobenzene, butyric acid mixtures at 20°C,…
This paper describes the preparation and preliminary therapeutic evaluation of complex acridine compounds combining trypaflavine or rivanol with potassium mercuric rhodanide or potassium silver rhodanide. The author argues that complex formation may reduce the toxicity of bactericidal dyes and metal…
This study examines whether chemical modification of trypaflavine can produce derivatives with useful activity against brucella organisms, particularly through protection of amino groups by azo, acetyl, benzoyl, or benzylidene substituents. The authors synthesized a series of trypaflavine derivative…
This study investigates complex compounds of trypaflavine as potential anti-brucellosis agents, motivated by the limited therapeutic effectiveness of trypaflavine despite its strong in vitro bactericidal action. A series of metal salt and iodide complexes was synthesized, characterized by elemental …
This paper examines the mechanism by which acids, salts, and related additives catalyze the aramination of hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives, a reaction important in anthraquinone dye synthesis. Through comparative experiments using preformed complexes of aromatic amines with boric acid, mineral acid…
This paper addresses the practical setup and verification of balancing machines used for rapidly rotating parts in mining and electrical machinery, focusing on DB-3, DB-4, and similar machines. It proposes using a dynamically balanced control rotor and a circular traverse with a known check weight i…
This study examines salt-like complex compounds formed between uric acid and selected amines and amino alcohols, motivated by the possible relevance of such reactions to increasing uric acid solubility and identifying anti-gout agents. Using electrical conductivity, viscosity, density measurements, …
This paper examines the factors governing the productivity of crosscut, or raise-boring, drilling machines used for making raise holes in coal. It derives productivity equations for two drilling technologies, drilling followed by tool lowering and drilling with enlargement on the return stroke, by d…
This article reports laboratory tests on wear in the spur gear reducers of ER-5 mining electric drills, operated with grease lubrication under variable and constant loads representative of mine service. Fifteen two-stage reducers with different gear hardness combinations were tested on a closed rig,…
This paper examines the power and energy characteristics of rotary-percussive blast-hole drilling, focusing on how feed force, drill rotation speed, impact frequency, air pressure, rock strength, and bit geometry affect the rotator, hammer, and feed mechanism. Using experimental comparisons across s…
This study examines drill bit geometry, wear, and durability for rotary-percussive drilling of blast holes in rocks of medium and high strength. Comparative tests were carried out with five bit types derived from rotary and percussive-rotary drilling tools, varying sharpening angles, rake angles, ha…
The article addresses the need for mobile rotary drilling equipment for scattered or frequently changing work sites where supplying electric or pneumatic power is inefficient. It proposes a hydraulic-drive rotary drilling machine mounted on a tractor or excavator boom, using the carrier’s hydraulic …
This paper reports production tests of a lightweight long-stroke electric drill developed to reduce the labor intensity and improve the productivity of rotary blasthole drilling in coal mines and weak to medium-strength rocks. The authors describe the drill’s supporting and feeding attachment, guide…
The paper examines whether a dynamic vibration absorber can be applied to impact machines whose body motion is modeled as a two-degree-of-freedom elastic connection, mass, and stop system. It extends earlier analyses by including viscous resistance forces proportional to relative velocity and derive…
This paper applies similarity theory and dimensional analysis to the design calculation of multi-coil solenoid hammers, using a smaller Sintron hammer as a model for scaling to a more powerful machine. The authors derive similarity coefficients for impact energy, striker mass, velocity, stroke, blow…
This paper examines losses in the steel magnetic circuit of a solenoid hammer, with emphasis on eddy current heating of the striker and ways to improve efficiency without adding cooling equipment. Using calorimetric measurements on an MS-5 hammer, the authors compare striker materials, heat treatmen…
This paper develops a calculation procedure for selecting the electrical and geometrical parameters of a multi-coil solenoid hammer, motivated by the limited applicability of standard electromagnet design methods to nonsinusoidal coil currents and dynamic hammer operation. It derives relations for s…
This paper examines the dynamics of solenoid hammers, focusing on the limitations of earlier designs whose impact energy, efficiency, and thermal behavior were constrained by electrical and magnetic braking effects. Using oscillographic recording of striker displacement, coil current, and voltage, t…
