SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This review examines orientation effects for electrons and positrons moving through single crystals, comparing them with the better established channeling behavior of heavy charged particles. It summarizes theoretical criteria based on Lindhard’s channeling model and discusses experiments on beta-pa…
This paper examines how temperature-dependent mechanical properties of alkali metal halide single crystals and solid solutions are related to lattice energy, decomposition processes, elastic anisotropy, and the Debye temperature. Using measured temperature changes in Young’s modulus and internal fri…
This paper examines shock generators as electromechanical energy storage devices for producing high current pulses and transferring energies on the order of 100 MJ or more to inductive loads. Using calculations of rotor kinetic energy, transient reactance, machine dimensions, and alternative stator …
This review examines chemical transformations of isolated and technical lignins as a route to using large lignin wastes from pulp, paper, and hydrolysis industries. It summarizes work on reactions of lignin functional groups, especially phosphorylation with organophosphorus reagents, using model com…
This paper examines the origin and distribution of pores in crystals, emphasizing that porosity is a common feature of both natural and laboratory-grown specimens. It argues that primary pores form during crystal growth through imperfect packing of crystallites, producing surface depressions, channe…
This article summarizes the development and experimental verification of an approximate parametric theory for amalgam stripping polarography with accumulation, a method aimed at determining extremely small amounts of substances in high-purity materials. The theory introduces experimentally determine…
This paper surveys the development of hydrogeochemical research at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, emphasizing its role in mineral prospecting, exploration, and emerging hydrobiochemical methods. It describes the creation of field methods for determining microcomponents in groundwater, studies of aqueo…
This study examines the causes of low thermal resistance and aging in steatite ceramics, focusing on phase composition, thermal expansion mismatch, and grain size in talc-derived magnesium metasilicate bodies. It develops a stress-based interpretation of interactions between crystalline protoenstati…
This paper examines the scientific and technological basis for comprehensive chemical and metallurgical use of peat in Western Siberia, where large peat, fuel, and iron ore resources create favorable conditions for regional metallurgical development. It reviews earlier experiments with peat coke and…
This paper proposes an analogy between atmospheric lightning and possible electrical discharges within the lithosphere, arguing that dielectric rocks under pressure could accumulate large volume charges until breakdown occurs. It reviews physical conditions affecting rock electrical strength, possib…
This paper reviews research conducted at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute on automatic regulation and control problems in betatron installations, focusing on injection, electron displacement, and electromagnet power supply systems. It summarizes engineering calculation methods, pulse circuit designs, sta…
This paper surveys the development of electron accelerators at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, beginning with the first Soviet betatron and extending to industrial, medical, and research applications. It summarizes design lines and performance characteristics for TPI betatrons, high-current and stereob…
This paper surveys the development of electron accelerators at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute from the first Soviet betatron in the late 1940s through subsequent betatrons, microtrons, direct-action accelerators, waveguide synchrotrons, and the Sirius 1.5 GeV electron synchrotron. It summarizes design …
This report examines how to determine the impact hardness of normalized Steel 45, a material used in impact-action machine parts, by relating indentation volume to the net impact energy absorbed during conical indentation. Tests were performed with a vertical Amsler impact tester and, at higher velo…
This paper examines how different capacity control methods affect the operating economy of the N-1m downhole turbopump used for mine-shaft drainage. It compares throttling of compressed air, added resistance in the discharge pipeline, and operation with one turbine nozzle shut off, using test data a…
This paper addresses the lack of quantitative data on how the mechanical characteristics of frozen soil vary through the depth of a freezing layer, a problem that limits calculation of loads on earth-cutting machinery. It describes a set of field-oriented experimental methods and devices for measuri…
This paper reports laboratory and field experiments on loosening frozen ground by cutting slots and breaking the remaining inter-slot pillar with an embedded hydraulic jack. Scaled soil models and production tests in frozen sandy loam were used to examine how jack embedment depth, force arm, pillar …
This paper develops a kinematic and force analysis of the interaction between a bar-type trenching machine and soil during slot cutting, emphasizing how machine motion and layout affect loads on the working member. It derives conditions for limiting lateral overloads caused by uneven ground microrel…
This paper examines how the cutting angle of a tool affects the deformation, chip formation, and failure pattern of frozen soils. Using a structural interpretation of frozen soil as a compacted particle medium bonded by ice, the authors compare cutting at a right angle with wedge-shaped cutting and …
The paper examines the selection of a rational cutting angle for teeth of earthmoving machines working in frozen, abrasive soils. It combines experimental observations of chip formation with geometric relations for chip element area and tooth contact area, and considers cutting force, abrasive wear,…
This paper analyzes vibration velocity spectra of serially produced chipping and riveting pneumatic hammers under varying operating conditions in order to identify the sources of low and high frequency vibration. Using instrumental spectral analysis and experimental determination of natural frequenc…
This paper develops mathematical models for comparing pressure devices used in bench vibration testing of hand-held pneumatic hammers with manual pressing under operating conditions. The authors formulate nonlinear differential equations for hammer-body motion with spring, pneumatic, weight, weight-…
This paper presents a manual statistical method for deriving vibration spectra from oscillograms of pneumatic hammers when dedicated spectrum analyzers are unavailable. The method divides a vibrogram into repeated curve segments, uses a calibrated template to estimate half-period frequencies and vib…
This paper addresses instrumental methods for obtaining vibration spectra of pneumatic hammers, motivated by the need to evaluate such tools against sanitary vibration standards. It compares suitable nonseismic inductive and magnetoelectric transducers, relates them to displacement and velocity meas…
This paper reports technical and physiological-hygienic testing of the BSZ-135V pneumatic chipping hammer, an experimental version of the BSZ-135 equipped with vibration-isolating devices. Laboratory measurements compared handle vibration displacement and acceleration spectra under controlled chippi…
This paper examines aerodynamic pressure losses in pneumatic hammers, treating the hammer as a compressed-air energy converter whose efficiency depends on reducing frictional and local flow resistances. The authors combine standard hydraulic-resistance calculations with differential-manometer experi…
This paper examines friction losses in pneumatic hammers, arguing that published friction coefficients do not reflect the specific operating conditions of reciprocating striker mechanisms. Using strain-gauge dynamometers, the authors measure static and kinetic friction for hammers with different wea…
The paper describes the replacement of 9KhS steel by Kh6VF steel for cast woodworking cutters and outlines the industrial process adopted for shell mold casting, heat treatment, and machining. It summarizes charge composition, induction melting practice, pouring temperature limits, resulting microst…
This paper addresses the difficulty of measuring the free-state shape of piston rings, which affects radial pressure distribution and service life, and notes that direct measurements on a large toolmaker’s microscope were inaccurate and labor-intensive. The authors propose a relative measurement met…
This paper examines whether gaseous media influence chip formation during metal cutting at speeds typical for carbide tools. The authors describe a lathe apparatus that permits cutting tests in an argon atmosphere and compare results with cutting in air for Armco iron and copper, using chip shrinkag…
This paper examines the normal and tangential forces acting on the flank face of a cutting tool during machining of different materials. Using dynamometer measurements of total cutting forces and extrapolation to zero chip thickness at constant chip shrinkage, the study estimates flank-face forces f…
This article reports experimental studies of chip to tool contact characteristics during orthogonal free cutting in longitudinal turning of steels, nonferrous alloys, titanium alloys, and soft metals. The work examines the relative contact length on the rake face, measured from wear traces, in relat…
This paper examines static force equilibrium in metal cutting with a tool having a reduced rake face and a stable built-up edge. It formulates an equivalent force scheme for the interacting tool, built-up edge, chip, and workpiece, then derives equilibrium equations and uses an indirect calculation …
This paper addresses the problem of defining and calculating a tool blunting criterion in cases where conventional lifetime curve methods are unsuitable, especially in machining high manganese steels whose wear curves may lack a catastrophic wear region. The authors propose a calculation scheme base…
This paper examines the conditions under which cutting produces continuous or shear chips, with particular attention to the role of friction on the tool rake face and crack initiation near the tool tip. Drawing on reported and experimental observations for brass, transformer iron, stainless steel, z…
This paper addresses the determination of deformation characteristics in the chip formation zone during metal cutting under production-relevant speeds and feeds. It develops calculation formulas for interpreting a dividing grid applied in polar coordinates, as required for experiments on machines wi…
This paper examines contamination of gearbox lubricant in handheld electric mining drills operating in coal mines, where abrasive coal and rock particles can enter enclosed mechanisms and accelerate wear. The authors surveyed drills at several Kuzbass mines and analyzed more than 60 lubricant sample…
This paper examines the load capacity of involute gear transmissions manufactured with increased pressure angles, focusing on helical gears tested at higher speeds than those commonly reported in earlier studies. It compares standard twenty degree gearing with nonstandard basic racks, especially a t…
This paper investigates whether a high hardness differential between pinion and wheel increases the load-carrying capacity of gear transmissions at circumferential speeds of 20 to 60 m/s. Using comparative tests on a high-speed closed-loop rig, together with statistical processing of pitting onset d…
This paper examines the problem of selecting a practical endurance criterion for evaluating the contact fatigue strength of helical gears, particularly in high-speed transmissions. It reviews proposed criteria based on noise, efficiency, weight loss, roughness change, pit counts, affected teeth, and…
This paper examines the use of nitriding as a surface strengthening method for high-speed gear transmissions, with attention to the limitations of aluminum-containing nitriding steels and brittle surface phases. It argues for an aluminum-free steel, 30Kh2N2VFMA, and describes a two-stage nitriding r…
This paper examines how the meridional section shape of working wheels affects the external characteristics of hydraulic couplings with a vertical axis of rotation. Using comparative characteristics for couplings with upper and lower pump wheel arrangements, it varies the section depth of one runner…
The paper describes an instrument for studying micrometer and submicrometer deformations in discrete contact, a problem relevant to friction, wear, stiffness, and reliability of contacting solids. Unlike earlier devices that measured preliminary displacement only along a single applied tangential fo…
This paper examines how rough surface geometry affects elastic preliminary tangential displacement and energy dissipation in frictional contact under a shearing force below the limiting friction force. Modeling the surface as a set of spherical asperities, the authors apply Mindlin’s solution for el…
This paper examines the choice of strength criteria for predicting shear resistance under complex stress states, especially where classical theories give divergent results. It presents previously derived relations for brittle and strain-hardening materials that incorporate additional mechanical char…
The paper examines experimental checks of the plasticity hypothesis that stress and strain deviators are similar, commonly tested through equality of Lode parameters. Assuming a constitutive relation that exactly satisfies this similarity condition, it analyzes how standard processing of thin-walled…
This paper describes an experimental model for studying stress distributions in sheet rolling mill rolls, developed to assess whether rolling can be modeled by the interaction of one roll with another under conditions closer to actual rolling. The model stand includes work and backup rolls, adjustab…
This paper examines whether hardness measurements can be used to characterize plastic deformation through a single relationship between stress intensity and hardness in the region of large plastic strains. Using a method based on paired cylindrical specimens of slightly different diameters subjected…
This study investigates stress distributions in plastically deformed regions around stress concentrators in tensile steel strips, focusing on conditions approaching crack initiation. Experiments on strips with holes, sharp notches, and rounded notches used fine reference grids and thickness measurem…
