SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
The paper proposes a “basic section” method for calculating the geometry of magnetically biased transformers and related ferromagnetic devices. It expresses all principal dimensions through the main core cross section and a small set of dimensionless coefficients, then derives formulas for coil and …
This paper derives expressions for selecting the current density of ferromagnetic devices under thermal and geometric constraints. Starting from classical formulas for coil and core overheating, active material volumes, and cooling surfaces, it obtains relations for current density for devices up to…
This paper describes a 150 kW DC voltage regulator-stabilizer developed at the magnetic-valve converter laboratory of NII AEM, using saturable reactors with combined windings as the power regulating elements. It outlines the converter’s functional arrangement, including pulse control synchronized to…
This paper analyzes the control circuit processes of single-phase pulse-biased ferromagnetic devices by representing the circuit with an equivalent second-harmonic current source and unsaturated control inductance. Differential equations for pulse and pause intervals are transformed into a differenc…
This paper examines instability in regulated valve magnetic power supplies that connect symmetrical thyristors in series with transformer loads, particularly in closed-loop current stabilization systems. Using physical modeling and oscillographic analysis, it argues that continuous feedback shifts t…
This paper analyzes magnetic semiconductor devices used in voltage regulation and stabilization systems when the switching element is controlled by forced commutation. The authors model the real magnetic core by a piecewise linear approximation of its hysteresis loop and derive interval equations fo…
This paper describes the development and testing of the SN-II pulsed thyristor voltage stabilizer intended to supply lighting and signaling devices on contact and battery-operated mine direct-current electric locomotives under large supply-voltage fluctuations. It outlines the stabilizer’s functiona…
This paper analyzes switching processes in a thyristor circuit breaker that uses a saturable commutating reactor shunted by a linear inductance and diode, a configuration previously proposed but not analytically treated in the cited literature. The authors derive equations for capacitor recharging a…
This paper analyzes a DC thyristor chopper using forced capacitive commutation in which the thyristor switch is shunted by an accelerated recharge branch containing an oppositely connected diode and a nonlinear inductance with a rectangular hysteresis loop. Under idealized assumptions for the valves…
This paper examines thyristor-based sources of reactive power for automatic power-factor regulation and voltage stabilization in electrical networks. It compares several circuit approaches, including capacitor and controlled-reactor arrangements, bridge inverters with clipping diodes, and converter …
This paper analyzes the harmonic composition of current in a single-bridge thyristor reactive-power source with artificial commutation, focusing on how commutation duration affects nonlinear distortion. By expanding the converter current waveform into a Fourier series, the authors derive expressions…
The paper examines three-phase bridge converter arrangements intended to maintain a shift factor of unity while regulating rectified output voltage, particularly for direct-current drives with wide speed ranges and variable loads. Assuming instantaneous commutation, it derives expressions for rectif…
This study examines thin-layer chromatographic behavior of amino and acylamino derivatives of carbazole on neutral aluminum oxide. Two groups of compounds, 9-alkyl-3-[1-(amino)alkyl]carbazoles and 9-ethyl-3-[1-(acylamino)ethyl]carbazoles, were compared using chloroform, methanol and chloroform, diox…
This paper proposes a unified statistical approach for estimating the minimum detectable concentration in analytical chemistry, addressing methods such as polarography where detection depends on distinguishing a sample signal from a blank or residual current. It formulates the problem as recognition…
The paper addresses the computation of optimal temperature regimes and initial concentrations in chemical reactors from known kinetic equations, with the objective of extremizing a quality criterion such as product yield. It proposes combining the Ritz method, adjoint equations, and a Fibonacci numb…
This paper addresses the determination of maximum or minimum quality indicators in chemical-technological processes after experimental response functions have been approximated by first- or second-degree polynomials. It proposes a simplified method for quadratic programming problems with bounded inp…
This paper proposes a method for computing optimal controls for nonlinear dynamic systems with control constraints and an integral performance criterion combining state quality and control losses. The argument introduces a positive definite function satisfying a linear partial differential equation,…
This study examines how hydrophilic additives affect the rheological behavior of the finest slime fraction of Sokolovsko-Sarbaiskii magnetite concentrate, a fraction important for iron ore pelletizing. Using rotational viscometry, the authors compare slime suspensions, Tagan pink bentonite suspensio…
Pilot-scale industrial tests evaluated the use of finely dispersed ash from the Tomsk GRES-2 hydraulic ash dump as an additive in expanded clay production at the Tomsk Plant of Building Materials and Products. Dried ash, added at 15 to 20 percent of the raw granule mass before the drying drum, reduc…
A temperature-jump apparatus for studying fast reactions in solution is described, designed to achieve pulsed heating on a nanosecond time scale. The setup combines a high-voltage power supply, pulse-forming cable line, pressurized nitrogen spark gap, monochromator, thermostated quartz-window cell, …
This study examines how a 1 mole percent carbonate ion additive modifies the radiolysis and post-irradiation annealing behavior of cesium nitrate under proton irradiation. Cesium nitrate tablets with and without the additive were irradiated, then analyzed photocolorimetrically for nitrite before and…
This study examines the physicochemical state of coal-tar oil in wastewater from a coke-chemical plant, where oil is present alongside phenols, pyridine bases, sulfates, ammonia, chlorides, and other dissolved substances under alkaline conditions. Using dialysis through a parchment membrane over 23 …
This study examines the role of fuel oil, used as a reducing agent in sheet glass production, as a binder affecting aggregation of glass batch materials. The authors measured wetting contact angles for quartz, soda sulfate briquettes, and dry and moist batch briquettes, determined fuel oil surface t…
This study examines conditions for determining microamounts of arsenic(III) by polarography at a platinum electrode, using preliminary cathodic concentration of arsenic as an elemental film followed by measurement of the anodic oxidation current. In 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, the anodic peak current w…
This paper examines how the minimum spark ignition energy of a hydrogen air mixture depends on the duration of an electrical pulse. It discusses experimental observations showing a constant minimum energy over an intermediate pulse duration range, a sharp rise for shorter pulses, and a gradual incre…
This study examines carbon dioxide chemisorption on active aluminum oxide prepared by vacuum dehydration of aluminum hydroxide, with attention to adsorption capacity, kinetics, heat effects, and regeneration. Using a MacBain balance, adsorption isotherms were measured at 20, 50, and 80°C and found t…
This paper evaluates metal oxides as potentially regenerable adsorbents for carbon dioxide and water vapor in gas drying and purification. Using standard thermodynamic data, the authors calculate Gibbs free energies, equilibrium constants, and corresponding equilibrium partial pressures for carbonat…
This study addresses the purification of antipyrine benzenesulfonate, an intermediate in amidopyrine production, where aqueous recrystallization in batch crystallizers led to product losses and insufficient process performance. The authors experimentally determined the solubility of purified antipyr…
This study examines macrokinetic factors affecting the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon monoxide and water vapor over an iron, copper catalyst at atmospheric pressure and at 10 atm. Experiments in the range 473 to 523 K varied the linear feed rate of reactants and assessed its effect on ca…
The paper examines whether surface energies of alkali halide single crystals can be estimated indirectly from elastic properties using a relation between surface energy, shear modulus, and interionic distance. Experimental temperature dependences of elastic constants are used to calculate surface en…
A film polarographic method with accumulation is described for determining microamounts of selenium and tellurium, with application to tellurium in indium antimonide crystals. Selenium(IV) and tellurium(IV) are preliminarily concentrated on platinum or graphite electrodes in the elemental state, fol…
This paper addresses the absence of a complete and logically consistent classification of current-voltage electrochemical methods. It proposes a natural classification based on phenomena at the solution, electrode interface, organized into 12 levels across four stages: characteristics of current and…
This paper reviews design problems in extractors for removing substances from solid phases, with attention to solid transport, phase contact, back-mixing, wear, and residence-time uniformity. It compares percolators, rotating and screw extractors, conveyor and scraper designs, and pneumomechanical o…
This paper examines how water-physical properties of moistened disperse materials relate to structural-mechanical behavior important for plastic forming and rolling granulation. Using mixtures of finely ground bauxite, alumina, and electrocorundum sludge, the authors compare optimum moisture content…
This paper examines how the fine silt fraction of magnetite concentrate participates in the pore suspension formed during pelletizing of green iron-ore pellets with small additions of bentonite. Using Tagan pink bentonite and the 0 to 20 micrometer fraction of magnetite concentrate, the authors prep…
This paper applies experimental design methods to optimize the pelletizing of finely dispersed ash from Tomsk GRES-2 on a semi-industrial plate granulator. Using simplex planning, the study first evaluates granule quality as a weighted function of strength, bulk density, and porosity to identify nea…
This study evaluates the production of lightweight ash gravel from fly ash generated at Tomsk GRES-2, a difficult-to-swell ash, using small additions of clay, peat, brown iron ore, or magnetite slag. Laboratory granulation, drying, and firing tests compared raw and fired granule properties, includin…
This paper addresses compositional nonuniformity in chromium electrocorundum produced from alumina and solid chromium oxide, attributing it to imperfect mixing and segregation during smelting. It proposes replacing solid chromium oxide with an aqueous ammonium dichromate solution, which decomposes d…
This study examines roasting and magnetic beneficiation as a means of purifying chromium electrocorundum grain products containing white electrocorundum, metallic chromium and iron, carbides, and other impurities. Samples of the impurity-rich +0.16 mm fraction were oxidatively roasted at varying tem…
This study examines how the mineralogical composition of iron ore concentrates from the Sokolovskoye and Sarbaiskoye deposits affects pelletizing behavior and the quality of green and fired pellets. Laboratory drum pelletizing tests assessed concentrate properties, pelletizing coefficients, green pe…
This paper examines the use of magnesium and manganese microadditives to enlarge ammonium sulfate crystals produced by the saturator process at a coke-chemical plant, where overloaded equipment hindered production of first-grade material. Laboratory tests compared soluble metal salts and related man…
This paper examines the selection of soluble salt modifiers for enlarging ammonium sulfate crystals in the saturator process of coke-chemical production. Using concepts of ionic force field and impurity effects on surface energy and crystal habit, the authors test sulfate salts of several metal cati…
This paper examines the use of bentonite clays as plasticizing additives in pelletizing iron ore concentrates, focusing on how overdrying and surface hydrophobization reduce swelling, structure formation, pellet quality, and pelletizing rate. The authors argue that preliminary hydration, including t…
This paper proposes a graphical analytical method for determining the maximum molecular moisture capacity of disperse materials, addressing the subjectivity and variability of the conventional moisture-capacious media method. The method uses experimental measurements of capillary impregnation kineti…
This paper examines why small additions of hydrophilic colloids, especially bentonite clays, are decisive for pelletizing coarse iron-ore concentrates and fluxed metallurgical raw materials. It argues that their main effect occurs during granule formation, where colloidal particles enter the pore su…
A combined photoelectric method is proposed for determining substance concentrations by jointly registering changes in refractive index and optical density. The method uses a refractometric cuvette, a differential photodetector, a balance circuit, and a recording device, with calibration against a r…
This paper describes a photoelectric approach for measuring the kinetics of fast chemical reactions in continuous-flow systems. The method replaces manual movement of a monochromator and photodetector along the reaction chamber with a coordinate-sensitive photoelectric scanning device that records t…
The paper examines the use of complex dielectrometry for detecting and quantifying high-molecular organic substances in water and for possible application in column chromatography. Measurements of dielectric permittivity and loss tangent at 100 kHz were performed for aqueous solutions of polyacrylam…
This paper describes a spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of carbazole based on its acid-type ionization in alkaline dimethylformamide in the presence of o-nitroaniline. The authors establish a calibration relationship between carbazole concentration and optical density und…
This study examines the photochemical oxidation of carbazole and several N-substituted and acetyl-substituted carbazole derivatives by atmospheric oxygen in polar media containing small amounts of sulfuric acid. Irradiation experiments, direct photolysis in the absence of oxygen, spectrophotometric …
