Recent Papers

“Heavy Unstable Particles.” Problems of Modern Physics, collection of translations and review articles of periodical literature. Issue 4, 1955. Foreign Literature Publishing House

ENRICO FERMI (1901–1954) (On the Anniversary of His Death)

SATURATION MAGNETIZATION AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF FERRIMAGNETIC OXIDES

ACADEMICIAN PYOTR IVANOVICH LUKIRSKY

Optical Properties of Metals

Observation of $K$- and $\tau$-Mesons Generated at Accelerators

ON THE APPLICATION OF THERMODYNAMICS TO ELECTRICAL FLUCTUATIONS\*)

IN MEMORY OF ALBERT EINSTEIN

Photoelectric Effect in Metals

The study of phenomena involving the interaction of an electromagnetic field with matter is of very great scientific interest, since elucidating the details of the mechanism of this interaction makes it possible to penetrate the intricacies of the structure of various substances and to obtain more c…

Current State of the Question of Defining the Meter by the Length of a Light Wave

ALBERT EINSTEIN (1879–1955)

“Axicon” Optics

HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY OF MULTIPLE PARTICLE FORMATION

On the Properties of CdS Photoresistors in Ionizing Radiation

ON THE APPLICATION OF THERMODYNAMICS TO ELECTRICAL FLUCTUATIONS*)

9th Conference on Spectroscopy (Molecular Spectroscopy Section)

The 9th Conference on Spectroscopy was held on July 5–11, 1954, in Tartu (Estonian SSR).

Nucleon Sizes

PROBLEMS OF QUANTUM FIELD THEORY

Conference on Electronic Phenomena in Adsorption and Catalysis

From April 16 to 19, 1954, the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences hosted the “Conference on Electronic Phenomena in Catalysis and Adsorption.” The work of the conference showed that at present the electronic direction in catalysis is attracting the attention of broad cir…

STOKES VECTOR-PARAMETER

At present, matrix methods have been developed in sufficient detail only for two limiting cases: completely coherent and completely incoherent monochromatic radiation. This makes it possible to use them effectively to solve the most essential problems concerning a quasi-stationary field, i.e., under…

Influence of Space Charge in the Propagation of Intense Beams of Charged Particles

In this article, we have set ourselves the objective of summarizing the results of the principal published works concerning the influence of space charge on the propagation of intense beams of charged particles, and at the same time providing a summary of formulas and information that may be useful …

On the Widespread Adoption of Photoelectric Colorimetry in Sanitary and Hygienic Investigations

BETA DECAY OF LIGHT NUCLEI\*)

Extended presentation of a report at the Fifth Conference on Nuclear Spectroscopy (February 1955).

Corrections to the Article by E. F. Külz, V. V. Kuntz, and V. G. Hartmann “Table of Nuclear Moments” (Usp. Fiz. Nauk, Vol. LV, No. 4, p. 537, 1955)

CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF LIQUID HELIUM

CONFERENCE ON DIFFUSION IN METALS AND ALLOYS

On May 9–12, 1955, a meeting on diffusion in metals and alloys was held in Kyiv, convened by the Institute of Metal Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and the Technical Section of the Academic Council under the President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

Scientific Conference on Physical Acoustics and Ultrasound

ISSUES IN QUANTUM FIELD THEORY

Radio astronomical method for studying the upper layers of the atmosphere

The observation of extraterrestrial radio emission, in addition to its direct interest in connection with the study of its sources (the Sun, “radio stars,” etc.), also makes it possible to investigate the Earth’s atmosphere, namely to obtain information on ionospheric layers necessary for a satisfac…

SEMICONDUCTOR BOLOMETERS

At present, there are several types of infrared radiation (IRR) receivers whose operation is based on entirely different physical phenomena. These include bolometers, in which the action of IRR consists in heating the sensitive element, as a result of which its resistance changes.

DYNAMIC METHOD FOR STUDYING NUCLEAR PARAMAGNETISM

At present, the study of the problem is proceeding in the following directions: measurement of the magnetic moments of atomic nuclei, investigation of relaxation processes occurring during the motion of a system of nuclear magnetic moments in an alternating magnetic field, investigation of the magne…

Tamm Bound States of Electrons on a Crystal Surface and Surface Vibrations of Lattice Atoms

The first part of the article provides an overview of the successive stages in the development of the theory of Tamm surface states of electrons. The second part considers phenomena in which electron surface states play a significant role and presents experimental evidence for the actual existence o…

Properties of the Light Helium Isotope He$^3$ at Low Temperatures. II*)

NEW DATA ON THE SCATTERING OF HIGH-ENERGY POLARIZED PROTONS

Analysis of the Dependence of Penetration Rate on Pressure in Shot Drilling

This article examines how axial pressure on the bit affects penetration rate in shot drilling and reassesses existing explanations for the observed optimum pressure. Using production experiments and additional drilling rig tests, the authors compare penetration rate with hourly and per-meter shot co…

Some Issues in the Organization of Work When Drilling Shallow Wells in Soft and Loose Rocks

This paper examines productivity losses in drilling shallow wells in soft and loose rocks, where the actual drilling time is often small relative to auxiliary operations. Using time-distribution observations for several drilling rigs, it identifies major delays in equipment assembly, dismantling, re…

Influence of technological parameters on the rotary drilling rate of shallow boreholes in soft and loose rocks and on power consumption

This paper examines how drilling regimes affect the penetration rate and power demand of shallow rotary boreholes in soft and unconsolidated rocks. Drawing on production and test-site observations with flushed core drilling, pumpless reverse circulation, augers, and spoon bits, it compares the effec…

Main Results of the Study of Fractional Drilling Modes

Shot drilling of boreholes at increased rotational speeds of the drilling tool

This paper reports 1953 field experiments conducted to standardize shot drilling regimes for geological exploration boreholes and improve drilling productivity under comparable conditions. Using an instrumented KAM-500 drilling rig with increased spindle speeds, clay-mud flushing, controlled shot fe…

Experimental Data on Accident Elimination and Casing Wells with Pipes Using Vibrators in Exploratory Drilling

This paper examines the use of mechanical vibrators to mechanize two labor-intensive operations in exploratory drilling: freeing stuck drilling tools and lowering casing pipes. It describes existing accident-elimination and casing methods, outlines the principle that vertical oscillations reduce fri…

Determination of the optimal temperature in the low-pressure evaporator taking into account auxiliary needs

This paper develops a method for selecting the optimal steam temperature in a closed-cycle low-pressure evaporator while accounting for the installation’s auxiliary power consumption. It formulates the net work per kilogram of water passing through the evaporator by subtracting the work required by …

On the Distribution of Heat Drops Across the Cylinders of a Reciprocating Machine in a Marine Combined Plant with Steam Extractions for Feedwater Heating

The paper examines how indicated heat drops and power should be distributed among the cylinders of a triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine in a marine combined plant with an exhaust-steam turbine and regenerative feedwater heating. It argues that the usual proportional relation between cylinde…

On the Question of Steam and Heat Consumption for a Ship Steam Power Plant and Auxiliary Consumers

This paper examines how steam and heat consumption should be evaluated in shipboard steam power plants where auxiliary consumers may use live steam, throttled steam, cooled steam, or extraction steam from the main engine. It argues that the usual practice of adding the visible steam demands of indiv…

On the Dependence of Relative Indicated Efficiencies on the Power Distribution Between the Engine and the Turbine in Marine Combined Plants

This paper examines how the relative indicated efficiencies of cylinders, reciprocating engines, exhaust-steam turbines, and complete marine combined steam plants depend on the division of power between a piston engine and an exhaust-steam turbine. Using processed experimental test data, operating d…

On Axial Machines with Counter-Rotating Wheels

This paper examines axial hydraulic and air-moving machines using two counter-rotating impellers, focusing on how such arrangements can transmit energy while avoiding outlet swirl losses and intermediate guide apparatuses typical of single-stage or conventional two-stage machines. It develops veloci…

Determination of Steam Consumption in a Steam Ejector

This paper addresses the practical calculation of motive steam consumption in a steam ejector required to remove a unit mass of air or steam-air mixture. It criticizes existing tabular and thermodynamic methods as either ambiguous or computationally cumbersome, then derives a simplified energy-balan…

Determination of the Compression Ratio in the Stages of a Steam Ejector

This paper examines how to choose intermediate pressures in the stages of a multistage steam ejector. It argues that the common practice of assigning equal compression ratios, borrowed from multistage air compressor design, is not optimal because intercoolers in steam ejectors both cool the steam ai…

On the Selection of Air Intake Points in the Fractional Method for Removing Air from Cooling Water and from Condensers of Heat Recovery Units

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of fractional air removal for cooling water and condensers in heat recovery plants with mixing condensation, where vacuum maintenance and air extraction contribute substantially to auxiliary energy consumption. Using solubility relations and ideal adiabatic…

On the Question of a Scheme for Automatic Control of Boiler Units in Parallel Operation

The paper examines automatic control schemes for multiple boiler units operating in parallel on a common steam main, criticizing the use of a single master pressure regulator because it can impose unnecessary load variations, hinder economical load distribution, and complicate the installation. It a…

Degree of Perfection of Heat Exchangers

The paper examines criteria for evaluating the degree of perfection of heat exchangers, distinguishing between the heat-retention coefficient and thermal efficiency based on available heat. It derives the limiting available heat by comparison with an infinitely large counterflow exchanger and then i…