SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
This study examines the use of sodium chloride additions to extend the seasonal molding period for building brick and investigates severe defects observed during firing at the Tomsk “Keramik” plant. Factory observations, mechanical tests, chemical analyses, drying comparisons, and laboratory treatme…
This paper evaluates the technological suitability of clays from the Lagerny Sad deposit in Tomsk for building ceramics, addressing the limited quality of bricks made from the shallow loam horizon. On the basis of geological exploration, granulometric and chemical analyses, laboratory firing tests, …
This study examines the bromination of benzene under dark, room-temperature and heated conditions in the presence of a wide range of possible catalysts, including metals, nonmetals, prepared bromides, acids, water, and organic compounds. Reaction progress was followed by titration of unreacted bromi…
This study examines whether dinitrophenylpyridinium chloride and bromide form ternary complex compounds with mineral salts, a class not previously described in the literature surveyed by the author. The chloride and bromide salts were prepared from halogenated dinitrobenzene and pyridine, then react…
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of complex compounds formed by ethylenepyridinium chloride with selected inorganic metal halides. The author synthesizes complexes with chlorides and bromides of copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, manganese, cobalt, bismuth, chromium, and iron, ch…
The study examines the solubility of silver bromate in aqueous lithium, sodium, and potassium nitrate solutions at 25 degrees C over nitrate concentrations from 0.001 to 1 mol/l, in order to assess electrolyte effects without common ions. Silver bromate solubility was measured analytically, and the …
This paper develops a physicochemical theory of caking in granular ammonium nitrate, a process that destroys the free-flowing properties needed for fertilizer application. It analyzes granule formation during spray cooling, derives equations for the distribution of crystals, mother liquor, and air w…
The paper examines how impurities and solid solution composition affect the electrical strength of alkali halide dielectrics, addressing discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental observations. It compares published electrical strength data for systems including KCl, RbCl, KBr, K…
The paper examines von Hippel’s impact ionization theory of electrical breakdown in solid ionic dielectrics and compares it with alternative criteria proposed by Fröhlich, Franz, and the author. It derives a breakdown field expression from the condition of a minimum in electron mobility, treating el…
This paper reexamines whether the electric strength of solid dielectrics in electrical breakdown depends appreciably on temperature, in response to theories and experiments claiming such a dependence. The authors compare several breakdown theories with published measurements on polymers, alkali hali…
This paper examines the relationship between the electrical strength of dielectric compounds and their chemical stability, focusing primarily on alkali halide crystals. Using thermochemical quantities such as lattice energy, ionization energy, electron affinity, heats of formation, and sublimation h…
This paper proposes an enthalpy, steam-flow “quantity, quality” diagram as a teaching and analytical aid for heat engineering, especially for district heating and combined heat and power systems. It argues that rectangular areas in the diagram can represent electric generation, heat supply, electrom…
The paper examines the economic feasibility of stationary installations for utilizing exhaust steam heat from steam locomotives, following a proposed scheme in which heated tender water is transferred at depots for district heating, electricity generation in vacuum turbines, and agricultural heating…
This paper reports operating and adjustment experience with domestic high-capacity shaft-mill furnaces firing low-grade Moscow Region coal in TP-230-1 high-pressure boilers at a Mosenergo station. It examines mill performance, fuel drying, pulverized-coal fineness, furnace air balance, combustion st…
This article examines thermal insulation of compressed air pipelines as a method for preventing winter freezing and for preserving the heat potential of compressed air delivered to pneumatic tools. Using theoretical polytropic cycles for pneumatic engines and compressors, it compares insulation effe…
This paper reports preliminary experiments on pneumatic sorting of run-of-mine coal directly on a chain grate, motivated by the high aerodynamic resistance, poor air permeability, and crater formation associated with coal fines during grate firing. Using a stationary section of a modernized chain gr…
This article examines the design and production of rolled tube joints in high-pressure boilers, where increased pressure, thicker walls, alloy steels, and temperature differences impose stricter requirements on joint strength and tightness. It discusses material compatibility between drums and tubes…
This article examines operating measures used at a state district power plant burning high-moisture Moscow-region coal to improve fuel economy, with particular attention to the second stage of the station. It analyzes an open-cycle exhaust-steam coal-drying and centralized pulverized-fuel preparatio…
This paper reviews experimental and theoretical approaches to convective turbulent jet combustion in furnace flames, emphasizing the aerodynamic factors that govern mixing, flame length, heat release, and temperature distribution. It compares methods based on isothermal mixing analogies, direct flam…
This paper develops a theoretical calculation method for gas lift operation based on prior results on two-phase gas-liquid flow in pipes. It argues that practical gas lifts mainly operate in a slug or plug flow regime, and derives differential and integrated gas-lift equations using expressions for …
This paper examines the techno-economic selection of once-through versus recirculating water-supply systems for steam electric power plants, addressing contradictory guidance in earlier literature on permissible plant elevation and distance from a water source. It develops comparative annual cost eq…
This article develops a scheme for using the low-grade heat of circulating condenser water at steam power plants to generate additional electric power. It derives heat-balance and power equations for a vacuum evaporator and utilization turbine, estimates steam production, cooling-water demand, air-r…
This paper examines the physical mechanism of ash wear on boiler heating surfaces, criticizing interpretations that attribute it only to particle impact without explaining material removal. It argues that ash wear is a form of abrasive wear consisting of numerous elementary scratches, analogous to m…
This paper analyzes the conversion of low-potential industrial waste heat, especially heat removed by cooling water from production units, into electric power by closed-cycle vacuum power installations. It develops a thermodynamic treatment in which the turbine, evaporator, heat source, condenser, f…
This paper examines the recovery of heat from flue gases of industrial furnaces, emphasizing the large fuel losses associated with high exhaust temperatures and the limited adoption of recovery equipment in industry. It argues that waste-heat boilers producing steam, especially steam suitable for po…
This paper compares conventional heat balances with energy, or availability, balances for thermal installations, arguing that heat balances do not distinguish between losses according to their capacity to be converted into work. It derives expressions for loss of available work that include both dir…
This paper develops a calculation method for selecting the cylinder volume ratio in double-expansion marine steam engines, where valve-gear limits on steam admission constrain the distribution of work between high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders. Using continuity of steam flow, clearance and com…
This paper develops a graphical analytical method for estimating how the indicated power of a compound marine steam engine changes with the cutoff ratio, or degree of admission, in the high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders. It derives approximate hyperbolic relations for the coefficients of mean …
The article examines disputes over how to determine the efficiency of combined heat and power plants, contrasting a general heat-balance approach with systems that separate electric and heat indicators or rely on purely thermodynamic measures. It derives and defends an averaged efficiency expression…
The article examines how Soviet industrial enterprises could intensify production by increasing output without relying solely on expanded capacity. It develops a simple analytical formula for annual output, separating the effects of batch size, technological processing time, and the ratio of technol…
This biographical article surveys the life, professional activity, and scientific contribution of Innokenty N. Butakov, a Soviet thermal power engineer closely associated with Siberian industry, railway transport, and the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute. It traces his education, early engineering work o…
This commemorative address congratulates Professor Innokenty Nikolaevich Butakov of the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute on his seventieth birthday and presents an institutional assessment of his scientific, educational, and public contributions. It summarizes his work in power engineering, including stu…
Part I examines in detail the properties and mode of decay of neutral $V$-particles. Part II presents the results of a similar analysis of known data on the decay of $\tau$-mesons and charged $V$-particles.
The table below presents nuclear moments according to data as of January 1950.
