Recent Papers

Annotated List of Non-Periodical Literature on the Physical Sciences, Published from April 21 to June 30, 1940

CRITICAL POINT

This review is devoted to phenomena observed in the region of the critical state. These phenomena are currently of particular interest in connection with new views on the nature of the liquid and, as will be seen below, show that modern conceptions of the structure of liquids may be useful in constr…

Annotated List of Non-Periodical Literature on the Physical Sciences Published from November 1 to December 15, 1939

RESEARCH ON SMALL-SIZE SUPERCONDUCTORS AT THE INSTITUTE FOR PHYSICAL PROBLEMS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR[^1]

Summary of a report delivered at the session of the Division of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on April 17, 1940.

Chapter VII considers continuous molecular spectra, as well as the dissociation and predissociation of molecules.

Thermal Theory of Combustion and Explosions

Conference on Cathode Phenomena in Vacuum and Rarefied Gases

From July 4 to 8 of this year, meetings of the Conference on Cathode Phenomena in Vacuum and Rarefied Gases, convened by the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, were held in Kyiv.

THEORY OF ELECTRONIC SEMICONDUCTORS. I

The first part of this review, in addition to the introduction and the thermal equilibrium of electrons in a lattice, will also consider: electrical conductivity in a weak field, thermoelectric, thermomagnetic, and galvanomagnetic effects in semiconductors with atomic and ionic lattices, as well as …

Universal electron microscope for bright-field, dark-field, and stereo imaging

Introduction of spectrally pure gases into vacuum systems

CURRENT STATE OF THE THEORY OF DIELECTRIC POLARIZATION

This article provides a critical review of various theories of dielectric polarization. The discussion concerns primarily the polarization of dipolar dielectrics, since it is here that complete clarity has still not been achieved and, in recent years, a number of new theories have appeared that diff…

A NEW GIANT CYCLOTRON

Conditions for Obtaining Intense Ion Beams

Fission and Chain Decay of Uranium

DETECTION OF INDIVIDUAL IONS, ELECTRONS, AND PHOTONS USING AN ELECTRON MULTIPLIER

Secondary emission properties of alkaline earth metals

SELF-IGNITION AND COMBUSTION IN GASES

The most important tasks of the research are, on the one hand, to decipher the chemical nature of pre-flame reactions and, on the other hand, to elucidate the regularities that link the course of combustion with the overall reaction-kinetic characteristics of the combustible mixture. In the present …

Obtaining Amorphous Water

PROPERTIES OF OXIDE CATHODES[^1]

Upper Layers of the Atmosphere

On May 4, 1939, a joint meeting of the Chemical, Physical, and Meteorological Societies of Great Britain was held in London, devoted to issues concerning the structure of the upper layers of the atmosphere. A brief summary of the main reports is presented, as well as the most interesting remarks mad…

MODERN THEORY OF SOLIDS[^1]

AVERAGE ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL IN A CRYSTAL[^1]

Modern Theories of Liquid Viscosity

This review of modern theories of viscous flow addresses the question of the nature of the liquid state as developed by Bernal and Eyring, and gives the greatest attention to the theories of viscous flow constructed by them and their followers, first, because they are prominent representatives of tw…

Influence of Meteorological Factors on Radio Wave Propagation

The possibility of using radio sounding also for the lower layers of the atmosphere, for characterizing air masses and observing their movement, would be of exceptional importance for meteorology. This article presents, in a somewhat systematized form, the results of works by various authors devoted…

Electron Microscope

Recent Improvements in Iconoscopes

Wulf A. A., A Collection of Exercises in Electromagnetic Field Theory, 219 pp., price 7 rubles. State Publishing House for Literature on Communications and Radio, Moscow, 1939.

The Russian translation has been made satisfactorily.

A. Sommerfeld, Atombau und Spektrallinien, II Band (2., umgearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage des “Wellenmechanischen Ergänzungsbandes”), F. Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1939.

Catalytic Oxidation of Nitric Oxide

Catalytic Oxidation of Nitric Oxide

This study examines the catalytic oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide over activated carbon prepared from BN gas-mask charcoal, motivated by the need for active catalysts and by mechanistic questions concerning contact oxidation. Using a dynamic flow method with dry NO-air mixtures contain…

On the Mechanism of Oxidation of Hard Coal and the Causes of Its Spontaneous Combustion: Article 12

This article examines whether carbon tetrachloride affects the oxidizability and spontaneous ignition behavior of bituminous coal. After reviewing prior findings on the influence of moisture, ash, mineral additives, gases, and vapors, the study reports experiments in which oxygen was passed through …

On the Mechanism of Oxidation of Bituminous Coal and the Causes of Its Spontaneous Combustion: Article 11

This article evaluates whether ferric chloride and ferric sulfate can be used to measure the reducing and adsorption capacities of coals, and thereby indicate their tendency to oxidation or distinguish oxidized hard coals from brown coals. The authors applied the proposed “B” and “A” number method t…

On the Mechanism of Oxidation of Hard Coal and the Causes of Its Spontaneous Combustion: Article 10

This article examines gaseous products formed during the air oxidation of hard coals and accompanying changes in their bituminous fractions, with attention to implications for spontaneous combustion. Four Kuznetsk-region coals of different maturity were oxidized in a retort at 100, 150, 200, and 250…

On the Mechanism of Oxidation of Bituminous Coal and the Causes of Its Spontaneous Combustion: Article 9

This article examines whether iodine number determinations can characterize the oxidizability of bituminous coals and help assess their tendency toward spontaneous combustion. After reviewing earlier halogen absorption methods and arguing that iodine may react with oxidizable phenolic groups in coal…

On the Mechanism of Coal Oxidation and the Causes of Its Spontaneous Combustion: Article 8

This article examines whether iodine and bromine numbers, often used to infer unsaturated bonds in coal and to relate coal reactivity to oxidation, may instead reflect reactions of halogens with phenolic groups. The authors determine iodine numbers for several phenols using the Hübl and Margosches m…

On the Mechanism of Hard Coal Oxidation and the Causes of Its Spontaneous Combustion: Article 7

This article examines whether the proposed role of phenolic groups in the oxidation and spontaneous ignition of hard coal remains plausible for the more complex phenolic structures thought to occur in humic substances. The authors measure the oxidation rates of phenol, naphthols, alizarin, aminoaliz…

On the mechanism of oxidation of hard coal by atmospheric oxygen: Article 6

On the Coking of Coal-Tar Pitch

This paper presents the principal provisions of a technical design for producing pitch electrode coke from coal-tar pitch at the Kemerovo Coke-Chemical Plant, emphasizing its economic importance for aluminum electrode manufacture and its advantages over petroleum-residue coke. It describes the propo…

On solving intersections and Hansen's problem using formulas recommended by D. N. Ogloblin in the course Orientation of Underground Surveying through a Single Vertical Shaft

This paper critiques arithmometric formulas recommended by D. N. Ogloblin for solving intersection problems and Hansen’s problem in mine surveying. Volkov analyzes the proposed principal and check formulas, arguing that they verify only arithmetic consistency and not the correctness of direction ang…

On the Calculation of Retaining Walls

The paper addresses the practical difficulty of selecting retaining wall cross sections when earth pressure can be determined in advance but wall dimensions are usually chosen iteratively and then checked. Treating the wall as a cantilever of trapezoidal profile acted on by self weight, earth pressu…

Testing of Cemented-Carbide-Reinforced Picks for Heavy Coal-Cutting Machines

This paper examines wear of coal-cutting machine picks as a limiting factor in productivity, especially in hard coal seams where frequent replacement causes major downtime and worsens machine operating conditions. It develops a simple relation between pick wear, cutting path, chip thickness, and mat…

Experience in Determining the Strength of Coals at a Mine of the Kaganovichugol Trust

This paper addresses the lack of objective criteria for classifying coal strength in the Kiselevsk deposit of the Kaganovichugol Trust, where seams with markedly different behavior were often assigned to the same mining category. The authors test a method based on blasting standardized charges in 26…

Reconstruction of the Crushing Plant at the Stalin Mine in Prokopyevsk

This article describes the reconstruction and recommissioning of a rock crushing plant at the Stalin Mine in Prokopyevsk, built to supply stowing material for underground workings but rendered inoperable by unsuitable equipment arrangements and repeated mechanical failures. Savkin analyzes the cause…

Determination of the Most Advantageous Train Composition for Underground Haulage by Battery Electric Locomotives

This paper develops a techno-economic method for selecting the most advantageous train composition in underground haulage by battery electric locomotives. It critiques existing calculation practices for treating locomotive type, train size, battery stock, charging equipment, and car fleet largely as…

Ways to Automate Mine Fan Installations

The article argues that mine fan installations require automation more urgently than pumping installations because mine ventilation conditions change continually as workings advance, altering the equivalent mine opening and causing either air shortages or wasteful excess delivery. It reviews the lim…

Determination of Technical and Economic Indicators for Experimental Mining Systems of Thick Seams in Kuzbass

This article develops a unified framework for evaluating experimental methods of mining thick coal seams in the Kuzbass region, prompted by the inadequacy of existing mine production reports and work journals for technical and economic analysis. It reviews the data required to compare alternative sy…

Study of Rotary Drilling of Shotholes in Rock

This study investigates electric rotary drilling of blastholes in sedimentary rock as a possible replacement for pneumatic percussion drilling in mining. Experiments conducted at the Anzhero-Sudzhensk mine used a column-mounted EK-2 electric drill to examine clay shale and sandstone, measuring cutti…

On Determining the Required Capacity of Railway Loading Hoppers

This article examines the problem of determining the necessary capacity of railway loading bunkers at mines, arguing that existing published formulas produce contradictory or impractical results because they inadequately represent railway operating conditions, train weight, and car supply organizati…

Basic Principles of Mine Surface Design

This paper formulates principles for designing the surface facilities of mines, treating the mine yard as an integrated system of engineering structures, auxiliary services, transport links, worker facilities, and drainage works. It classifies required buildings and structures by production function…