SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This article examines student academic work through the category of value relations, arguing that learning is not only a process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and abilities, but also a field of evaluative judgments by students, teachers, and collectives. It analyzes how students evaluate knowledge…
The paper addresses the determination of probabilistic characteristics of the output of a one-dimensional linear nonstationary system subject to a random input with known mean and correlation function. It applies a transformation-matrix representation of the system, obtained through interpolation us…
The paper examines individual prediction of gradual failures in automation devices, where monitored parameter histories are used together with statistical information to estimate the remaining failure-free operation of a specific device. It formulates the task as a first-passage problem for scalar o…
This paper describes an instrument for determining antimony content from 0 to 0.9 percent in lead antimony cable sheath alloy using the temperature at which crystallization begins. The method is based on the functional relation between antimony concentration and crystallization onset temperature, me…
The paper evaluates rapid electrical methods for monitoring antimony content in lead cable sheaths, where conventional chemical analysis is too slow for timely process correction. Experiments examined three possible approaches: measurement of specific electrical resistance, thermoelectric emf with c…
This paper investigates whether an eddy current method can replace time-consuming chemical analysis for determining copper content in tin-copper alloys used in cable production. The authors examine the relationship between alloy conductivity and copper concentration using cast specimens, a two-windi…
This paper examines the use of controllable negative resistance for compensating active losses in complex impedances, with attention to measuring applications such as electromagnetic defectoscopy and structuroscopy. It analyzes a two-terminal network based on an amplifier with deep positive feedback…
The article examines laboratory training for engineering students in digital computer technology, focusing on the suitability of universal and specialized equipment for teaching computer units, devices, operation, and programming. Drawing on experience at the Department of Computer Engineering of To…
This paper examines the problem of resetting multi-digit counters built from single-digit flip-flop counters, with attention to unintended carry formation during reset. It classifies known reset methods into several groups, including simultaneous reset and carry action, indirect reset through the co…
This paper describes a hardware method for extracting image contours to support faster perception and automatic recognition in information display systems. Using an RBP-4 radar indicator setup with radial-circular scanning, the authors generate a video signal from a masked image, limit it at a selec…
The paper examines how the human ear processes sound information, arguing that the auditory system may function primarily as an analyzer of instantaneous frequency rather than as a conventional spectral analyzer. Drawing on known properties of the cochlear basilar membrane and on evidence that clipp…
This paper examines how the instantaneous frequency of a speech signal can be extracted when speech is represented as an oscillation with slowly varying amplitude and phase. Building on the intelligibility of clipped and compressed speech, it applies amplitude limiting, pulse generation through a mo…
This paper surveys automatic monitoring systems for radio-electronic equipment, emphasizing their role in automating operability checks, fault localization, maintenance reduction, and failure prediction. It classifies systems as external, built-in, and combined, reviews functional, tolerance, diagno…
This paper analyzes the accuracy of a specialized computing device used to optimize autocompensation, specifically the injection phase in a betatron regulator. It decomposes output error into transformed, principal, and instrumental components, then derives error propagation formulas for sequential …
This paper describes a modified code-pulse analog-to-digital converter intended for automatic control systems, addressing the circuit complexity introduced by conventional distributors used to generate compensating voltage programs. The proposed converter generates the compensating voltage decade by…
The paper describes a universal automatic control system intended for monitoring diverse radioelectronic equipment with a relatively small hardware set. It outlines the system architecture, operating modes, programmable test sequencing by magnetic drum, parameter conversion and computation, toleranc…
This paper formulates a probabilistic method for calculating the effectiveness of a computer hardware monitoring system, defined as the conditional probability that an error is detected after it occurs. It separates overall effectiveness into the effectiveness of the mathematical checking method and…
This paper analyzes the reliability of computer computations in terms of the probability that calculation results remain correct in the presence of equipment failures and malfunctions. It develops analytical formulas for the reliability level both without hardware control and with hardware checking,…
The paper addresses prediction of the operability and reliability of automatic control systems at the design stage under aging and environmental influences. It argues that the degree of stability, defined through the characteristic equation root nearest the imaginary axis, can serve as a generalized…
This paper addresses the estimation of the mean time during which an automatic control system subjected to random disturbances keeps its output parameter within prescribed technical limits. Modeling the output as a stationary continuous process with exponential correlation, it derives the first boun…
This paper describes a methodology introduced at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute in 1968 for collecting, coding, storing, and processing detailed information on applicants. It motivates the system by the needs of admissions statistics, administrative reporting, analysis of admissions procedures, future …
This paper examines the design of stabilized multichannel DC voltage converters for supplying electronic equipment from a storage battery, with attention to efficiency, reliability, size, weight, and cost. It compares stabilization approaches for single-channel and multichannel direct-current transf…
This paper analyzes the drift of a single-axis floated gyrostabilizer mounted on a base undergoing small angular oscillations, a situation relevant to gyrostabilized platforms using such devices as reference sensors. Starting from truncated equations of motion with interframe correction, it derives …
This paper analyzes drift in a three-degree-of-freedom gyrostabilizer with inter-gimbal correction when mounted on an oscillating base. Starting from linearized equations of motion for small precession angle, it derives expressions for drift rate and shows that correlated or phase-shifted base oscil…
This paper analyzes electron motion in a betatron whose guide magnetic field has azimuthal variation, as produced by radial or spiral pole ridges rather than an azimuthally symmetric field. The field near the equilibrium orbit is approximated by a Fourier representation, retaining the first harmonic…
This paper analyzes a magnetic semiconductor pulse-width modulator for converting DC voltages and electromotive forces when high input resistance is required without loss of sensitivity. It proposes combining negative feedback with positive feedback, derives transfer and static characteristics, and …
This paper proposes a method for optimizing parameters of a linear automatic control system by expanding the system reproduction error in a Fourier series of Chebyshev exponential functions. The approach transforms minimization of an improved quadratic performance functional into algebraic condition…
This paper develops fundamental equations for synchronous reluctance geared motors equipped with a squirrel-cage rotor winding, a configuration intended to improve starting behavior and damp speed oscillations. The authors replace the cage by two equivalent orthogonal rotor windings, formulate volta…
This paper examines the operation of a synchronous shock generator supplying a nonlinear active pulsed load, represented by an impulse arc. The authors formulate the electromechanical transient process using differential equations for the generator windings, rotor motion, and flux linkages, and they…
This paper addresses the problem of assigning manufacturing tolerances for induction motor components that determine rotor eccentricity and air-gap nonuniformity, a factor affecting efficiency, vibration, noise, magnetic forces, and reliability. It models eccentricity-related quantities probabilisti…
This study examines surface films formed on M1 copper slip rings by MGS-7 brushes under varying ambient humidity and atmospheric pressure, with attention to their role in sliding brush contact behavior in electrical machines. Using electron microscopy, electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and in…
This study examines surface films formed on copper contact rings by MGS-7 copper graphite brushes under different thermal conditions in a sliding electrical contact. Films run in at 45 to 95°C were separated from the substrate and analyzed by electron microscopy, electron diffraction, X-ray phase an…
This paper analyzes a capacitor charging device for low-frequency pulsed sources supplied by a three-phase synchronous generator, where charging must avoid current surges and generator voltage disturbances. It examines a bridge rectifier controlled by saturable reactors inserted in the transformer n…
This paper examines how centrifugal fan geometry and bearing shield design affect ventilation and cooling in unified P series direct current machines. Using aerodynamic stand tests on P42 and P63 machines at 1500 rpm, the authors compare standard and modified fans, including a design without a front…
This paper examines the measurement of thermal conductivity in slot insulation materials for asynchronous motor stators, emphasizing its importance for thermal design accuracy and for accounting for variability in winding heating. The authors describe an experimental flat-plate apparatus with a guar…
This paper develops a method for accounting for nonuniform heat transfer along the length of finned, air-cooled electric motor housings. It approximates the longitudinal heat-transfer coefficient by an exponential law and determines the attenuation length from measured temperature distributions, usi…
The paper addresses the calculation of stator slot leakage permeance in shock generators under severe transient currents, where iron saturation substantially reduces winding reactances and makes conventional unsaturated or current-based methods cumbersome or unreliable. It proposes a simpler calcula…
This paper analyzes the static stability of synchronous reluctance machines supplied from a variable frequency network, with attention to both slip and self-excited rotor oscillations. It formulates nonlinear and linearized machine equations, derives a characteristic equation, and applies the Routh …
This paper examines how to choose an economical method for setting thermistors used in built-in thermal protection of electric motors, focusing on the permissible scatter of tripping temperatures. The authors estimate allowable error components, test a batch of TR-33 thermistors, and treat their ope…
This paper examines measurement errors caused by nonlinear static characteristics in contactless profilometers used to monitor commutator surfaces of electrical machines. It derives an expression for the error introduced by sensor nonlinearity and argues that selecting only the most linear part of t…
This paper examines the commutating behavior of carbon brushes in low-power DC machines, especially at the end of the commutation cycle when reactive commutation emf is relatively small. Using a rotating commutator test installation with adjustable circuit inductance and oscilloscope recording of cu…
This paper examines the use of combined windings in synchronous machines, especially for brushless excitation systems where the main machine and exciter can differ substantially in power. It develops relations for current density, magnetomotive force, thermal loading, copper losses, and conductor we…
This paper examines an autonomous stable-frequency alternating-current source for transport and aviation power systems in which the prime mover speed varies, aiming to avoid the weight and reliability disadvantages of constant-speed drives. It proposes a brushless regulated-frequency electrical-mach…
This paper evaluates the accuracy of calculated parameters for AR series asynchronous roller table motors, using standard test data for frame sizes 4 to 7 at 50 Hz. The authors distinguish systematic errors from random technological scatter and apply statistical confidence intervals, based on small …
This paper examines the statistical variation of technical characteristics in AR series three-phase asynchronous roller-table motors, using acceptance and type-test data for frame sizes 4 to 7. Treating output parameters such as starting current, short-circuit losses, starting torque, efficiency, po…
This paper addresses the assessment of induction motor winding insulation life when drive load varies randomly over time, a case in which average-loss overheating calculations may miss damaging temperature excursions. It formulates insulation wear as an exponential function of winding temperature an…
The paper addresses the computation of coefficients in Chebyshev polynomial approximations for functions given by tabular or graphical data, a task complicated by oscillatory integrands in the standard coefficient integrals. Focusing on uniformly spaced support points, it maps the original interval …
This paper defines commutation stability for commutator machines in terms of coefficients describing permissible positive and negative deviations of commutating emf before brush sparking occurs, distinguishing this measure from the width of the no-spark zone. Applying the definition to machines with…
The paper addresses the experimental determination of inductive parameters of commutating sections in DC machines, where analytical formulas for self and mutual inductance can be inaccurate, especially when eddy currents in copper and iron are significant. It analyzes transient current and flux link…
