Recent Papers

Age of the Earth

On the Influence of a Magnetic Field on the Polarization of Resonance Radiation

An Attempt to Detect Artificial Radioactivity

Short Electric Waves

“II. Radioactive transformations of elements.

Book Review: Contemporary Problems of Natural Science.

Photochemistry of Carbon Assimilation

Radioactivity and the Structure of the Atom

Book Review: L. Meitner. Radioactivity and the Structure of the Atom.

The Jurassic Ginkgoales of the Irkutsk Coal-Bearing Basin

This paper describes Jurassic Ginkgoales collected from the Irkutsk coal-bearing basin during Geological Committee fieldwork in 1919 to 1921, with particular attention to material from the Angara River region and mine sections. It provides systematic descriptions of species assigned to Ginkgo, Baier…

Contributions to the Knowledge of the Sea Urchin Fauna from the Cretaceous Deposits of the Kopet-Dag Range, Transcaspian Region

This paper describes a small collection of fossil sea urchins from Cretaceous marls of the Kopet-Dagh Range in the Transcaspian region, gathered during field investigations in 1914. After outlining preparation methods for poorly preserved marl-encrusted specimens, it provides systematic descriptions…

Materials for the Study of Lower Cretaceous Ammonites from the Kopet Dag

This study describes Lower Cretaceous ammonites collected during fieldwork in the Kopet Dag near Ashkhabad, especially from marl deposits at Geabyul-Dag and nearby localities. It argues for a more quantitative approach to ammonite taxonomy, using shell measurements, ratios, whorl counts, and distinc…

Analysis and Synthesis of Mechanisms from the Perspective of Their Structure

This work develops a structural approach to the analysis and synthesis of mechanisms, addressing perceived limitations in earlier descriptive doctrines of links, kinematic pairs, chains, and mechanisms. It formulates mechanisms in terms of constraints, degrees of freedom, and the equations contribut…

On the Method of Assaying Gold Alloys by Quartation with Cadmium

This paper evaluates Balling’s method for assaying gold alloys by inquartation with cadmium as a practical alternative to the classical silver inquartation and cupellation procedure. Reviewing earlier work and experimental comparisons, it examines the method’s accuracy, sources of error, operating c…

Cyanidation of Gold Tellurides

This paper examines the treatment of gold tellurides, a major class of refractory gold ores, with particular attention to cyanidation and bromocyanide processes. After reviewing the occurrence, analytical detection, mineral chemistry, and industrial processing of telluride ores, it reports experimen…

Glassy State and Devitrification

This paper surveys the physicochemical distinction between crystalline and glassy states and examines the conditions under which melts form glass or undergo devitrification. It compares isotropic amorphous bodies with anisotropic crystals through properties such as supercooling, viscosity, density, …

On the Methodical Leaching of Wood Fuel Ash for Potash Extraction

This experimental study examines the extraction of potash from wood fuel ash, with particular attention to systematic leaching as the first and most important stage of the process. Using laboratory vessels to approximate operation in a Shanks apparatus, the authors investigated room temperature leac…

Optimal Temperature and Time for Reductive Smelting of Sodium Sulfate with Coal

This study examines the reduction smelting of natural sodium sulfate with carbon as the first stage relevant to Leblanc soda production and to possible use of Siberian sulfate deposits. Laboratory melts of sulfate with bituminous coal or birch charcoal were prepared at varying proportions, temperatu…

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

This article presents oxidation and reduction as changes in valence interpreted through electron transfer, defining oxidation as electron removal and reduction as electron addition. It develops a practical method for analyzing redox equations by isolating atoms whose valence changes, balancing trans…

Results of Magnetic Determinations by A. K. Ivanov in the Minusinsk Region

This paper reports S. I. Shubin’s presentation of A. K. Ivanov’s 1920 magnetic determinations at points in the Minusinsk region. The measurements used oscillation and deflection observations to estimate the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field, with constants obtained by comparison with Bau…

Magnetic Observations in the Minusinsk Region in 1920

This report describes magnetic observations made during a 1920 Tomsk University expedition in the Minusinsk region, undertaken alongside geographical and landscape studies. Using a simplified copy of Bayer’s magnetic field theodolite, the author obtained magnetic determinations at 16 points, with pa…

The Effect of Temperature on the Internal Friction of Rock Salt

This paper investigates how temperature affects the internal friction, or effective viscosity, of rock salt, motivated by its known crystal structure and the possible relation between viscosity and electrical conductivity. Kuznetsov determines the coefficient of internal friction by torsion experime…

On the Study of the Behavior of a Solid Body Beyond the Elastic Limit

This paper reports long-duration experiments on the behavior of crystals subjected to forces beyond the elastic limit, focusing on internal friction in Iceland spar and rock salt. Weinberg motivates the study as a step toward understanding plastic deformation in crystalline components of metals, des…

Potential Distribution in a Liquid Dielectric Layer

This paper investigates how electric potential is distributed between capacitor plates separated by liquid dielectrics, with particular attention to time-dependent conductivity, residual charge, and possible ionic accumulation near electrodes. Using an ionic-conduction analogy with gases, the author…

Magnetic Declination in Siberia in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

This paper reconstructs magnetic declination in Siberia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by supplementing previously compiled direct observations with indirect evidence from historical maps and architectural orientation. It compares values inferred from Remezov’s maps, Peter Godunov’s…

Study of the Ice of the Tom River before the 1914 Ice Drift; Study of the Ice Drift of the Tom River near Tomsk in the Spring of 1914; Results of the Study of the Ice of the Tom River before the 1915 Ice Drift

Actinometric Observations and Sunshine Duration in Tomsk

This paper reports actinometric and heliographic observations made in Tomsk, combining winter 1910 measurements with earlier data from 1901 and sunshine records from 1911 to 1914. Atmospheric transparency coefficients were calculated by least squares for different solar altitudes, and four years of …

Magnetic Determinations in Tomsk and Kedrovka in 1918

This report presents terrestrial magnetic measurements carried out in 1918 at Tomsk and Kedrovka after a three-year interruption in observations by the physical laboratory of the Tomsk Technological Institute. Using a Bauer theodolite for magnetic observations and a Hildebrand theodolite for solar-a…

Determination of Magnetic Elements in the Barnaul and Biysk Uyezds in 1910: Author’s Abstract

This paper summarizes magnetic observations carried out during a 1910 expedition through the Barnaul and Biysk districts of Altai, where measurements were made opportunistically along a route from Tomsk and Biysk through Uimon, Belukha, Kosh-Agach, and the Chuya road. The authors describe the field …

Results of the 1915 Magnetic Expedition Carried Out with Funds from the Magnetic Commission of the Academy of Sciences

This report presents the results of a 1915 magnetic expedition funded by the Magnetic Commission of the Academy of Sciences. It provides a tabulated series of geomagnetic observations from stations across Siberia, listing geographic coordinates together with magnetic declination, horizontal componen…

Distribution of Magnetic Declination in the Yenisei Governorate

This paper addresses the lack of published magnetic declination data for Siberia, especially the Yenisei Governorate, by compiling heterogeneous determinations made largely for practical surveying and administrative purposes. Weinberg combines several hundred archival and agency values with more rel…

The Magnetic Campaign of 1914 of the Physics Laboratory of the Tomsk Technological Institute: Abstract

This article summarizes the 1914 magnetic campaign conducted by the Physics Laboratory of Tomsk Technological Institute, reporting magnetic observations across 118 points in Siberia and related reductions of declination, horizontal intensity, and inclination. It outlines the organization of the expe…

Magnetic Expedition to Mongolia in 1913: Abstract

This author’s abstract summarizes a 1913 magnetic expedition through Mongolia, including route surveying, barometric leveling, astronomical positioning, chronometer control, and magnetic observations along the route from Urga to Kobdo and at comparison stations. It emphasizes the instrumental limita…

A Note on the Minimum Value of the Horizontal Component in the Kryvyi Rih Basin Based on the Magnetic Surveys of P. T. Pasalsky in 1898 and 1900

This note reexamines P. T. Pasalsky’s reported minimum values of the horizontal component of terrestrial magnetic intensity in the Kryvyi Rih basin from surveys conducted in 1898 and 1900. Using Pasalsky’s original notebooks and recomputing observations at points A, B, and station No. 143, the autho…

Magnetic Expedition along the Yenisei from Krasnoyarsk to Dudinka in the Summer of 1912: Author's Abstract

This author’s abstract reports on a 1912 magnetic survey along the Yenisei River from Krasnoyarsk to Dudinka, undertaken under difficult logistical and meteorological conditions. Using Wild and Hildebrand instruments, with supplementary use of a Moureaux inclinometer, the expedition obtained magneti…

Results of the 1914 Magnetic Campaign of the Physics Laboratory of the Tomsk Technological Institute

This paper reports the results of the 1914 magnetic campaign conducted by the Physical Laboratory of the Tomsk Technological Institute. It presents tabulated determinations from numerous stations across Siberia and adjacent regions, including geographic coordinates, magnetic declination, horizontal …

On the Investigation of Variations in the Axial Force of a Drill and Its Torque as Functions of Diameter, Depth of Penetration, and Rotational Speed When Drilling Cast Iron and Iron

This paper examines the poorly established relationships between twist drill performance and drill diameter, penetration depth, feed, and rotational speed when drilling cast iron and iron. After reviewing earlier experimental and theoretical work, it describes low-cost dynamometric apparatus built f…

Balancing of Masses in Internal Combustion Engines

This paper addresses the balancing of moving masses in high-speed internal-combustion engines, a problem presented as insufficiently treated in contemporary Russian technical literature. Drawing on earlier work by Lorenz, Sharp, Kölsch, Arshaulov, Radtsig, and Kvasnikov, it formulates equilibrium co…

Calculation of the Distribution Mechanisms of Two-Stroke and Four-Stroke Machines

This paper discusses approximate methods for calculating valve and port timing mechanisms in two-stroke and four-stroke engines, focusing on exhaust blowdown, gas outflow, and cylinder scavenging. It divides the exhaust and scavenging process into distinct periods, applies velocity equations for cri…

Determination of the weight of a flywheel according to Wittenbauer

This paper presents Wittenbauer’s method for determining flywheel weight in crank and connecting rod mechanisms, contrasting it with the customary graphical calculation based on tangential crank-pin forces and an assumption of uniform angular velocity. It argues that the usual method is theoreticall…

Determination of Imbalance in Reciprocating Machines

This article develops a method for determining the unbalanced, or free, forces and moments in reciprocating machines, especially multi-cylinder internal-combustion engines. Starting from fixed-coordinate equations of motion, it derives expressions for inertia forces and moments of crank and connecti…

Study of Tannin Plants of the Central Altai

This report presents the results of a 1917 expedition through the Central Altai undertaken to assess local tanning plants and the feasibility of supplying an extract industry. It combines route observations, notes on plant distribution and harvest conditions, and chemical analyses of collected sampl…

Dissolution of Pentosans in Relation to the Cooking Process in Fermentation Technology

This paper examines the technological problem of using bran and related cereal byproducts in fermentation processes, with particular attention to the dissolution and possible destruction of pentosans during cooking. After reviewing the variable composition and nutritional value of wheat bran, the st…

Surface Evaporation (Evaporation-Drying)

This paper examines the Uhland surface evaporator used in starch production and proposes modifying its operation to avoid overheating and product discoloration caused by high-pressure steam and uneven liquid films. Silin argues that replacing boiler steam with exhaust steam at about 100 degrees C an…

Evaporation Temperature of a Sugar Factory

This paper addresses the selection of steam and juice temperatures in multi-effect evaporation stations for sugar factories, a choice often made by custom despite its effect on required heating surfaces. It formulates the problem as minimizing the total useful heating surface of evaporator bodies an…

Theory of the Operation of a Diffusion Battery

This paper develops a theory of the sugar-factory diffusion battery as an approximately continuous countercurrent diffusion apparatus rather than a sequence of repeated mixing operations. After reviewing earlier conflicting accounts, it formulates relations between normal juice and diffusion juice c…

Mechanical Proofs of the Motion of the Earth

Advances in Our Knowledge in the Field of Crystal Structure

On the History of Russian Science. N. A. Umov’s Views on Potential Energy, Forces Acting at a Distance, and Mass

Light Quanta and the Spatial Structure of Radiation.

Electromagnetic spectrum of water

A New Photometer for Measuring Weak Light Sources.