SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
This paper investigates how halogen-substitution solid solutions affect the electric strength of alkali-halide single crystals, a question on which existing theories and experiments gave conflicting results. Single crystals of NaCl, NaBr, KCl, KBr, and KI, and solid solutions in the NaCl-NaBr, KCl-K…
This paper examines how the impulse electrical strength of alkali halide solid solution single crystals with substituted halides relates to thermodynamic and mechanical characteristics. Using measurements on systems such as NaCl, NaBr, KCl, KBr, and KI mixtures, the authors compare electrical streng…
This discussion surveys competing interpretations of electrical breakdown in solid dielectrics, especially the roles of impact ionization, cathode emission, polarization, lattice defects, ionic motion, and lattice energy. Participants argue over whether breakdown should be studied from its initial l…
This paper examines how the dielectric strength of gases and liquids is related to their physicochemical properties, with particular attention to quantities associated with intermolecular bonding. By comparing published breakdown data for groups of gases and liquid hydrocarbons with molecular weight…
This paper examines how to measure the energy absorbed during pulsed breakdown of solid dielectrics and distinguishes energy associated with discharge formation, mechanical destruction, and post-breakdown current. The authors develop a calorimetric difference method in which the heat released in a s…
This paper investigates electrical breakdown of solid dielectrics in a nonuniform field while seeking to exclude the influence of the surrounding medium and surface discharges. It proposes and applies specimens with a conical projection or recess, testing rock salt, KCl, KBr, KI, and organic glass u…
This paper investigates how the electric strength of solid dielectrics depends on the duration of applied voltage, focusing on discharge lag and breakdown development in uniform fields. Experiments were performed on single crystals of NaCl, KCl, KBr, and KI, as well as organic glass, using impulse a…
This paper examines whether a statistical time lag in the electrical breakdown of solid dielectrics can be established as evidence for impact ionization mechanisms. It reviews theoretical estimates of avalanche formation time and Seitz’s fluctuation model, then compares Japanese measurements on mica…
This discussion addresses theoretical and experimental problems in the electrical breakdown of dielectrics, with emphasis on how conductivity growth, electron avalanches, and lattice destruction should be connected in a satisfactory account of breakdown. The participants consider the roles of pores,…
This paper develops a kinetic theory of electrical breakdown in alkali halide ionic crystals, treating breakdown of electrical strength as the loss of the stationary conductivity regime preceding material destruction. Starting from the Boltzmann equation for conduction electrons in a strong electric…
This review surveys contemporary theories of electrical breakdown in solid dielectrics based on the electronic nature of breakdown and the band model of insulating crystals. It compares impact ionization theories associated with Hippel and Fröhlich, Zener’s internal cold emission mechanism, and Fran…
This paper reviews the mechanisms of breakdown in solid dielectrics, distinguishing thermal breakdown from electrical breakdown and questioning the status of chemical breakdown as a separate category. It formulates criteria for identifying purely thermal breakdown, discusses experimental signs of el…
These introductory remarks frame a meeting devoted to the physics and chemistry of dielectrics, emphasizing the rapid growth of international and Soviet research on dielectric and semiconductor materials. The speaker argues that, despite substantial progress in polarization theory, dielectric losses…
This article compares the author’s method of optimal projection onto a single plane with the affine correspondence of two superposed planes in descriptive geometry. It first recalls the affine properties arising under orthogonal projection, then demonstrates through constructions with plane figures …
This paper addresses the calculation of starting currents for relatively powerful electric motors in mine face machinery and of two-pole short-circuit currents in low-voltage section networks. It critiques existing formula-based and resultant-resistance methods as either insufficiently accurate or t…
This article develops a design theory for mine jig runs, curved track connections that allow cars to move between inclined and horizontal tracks without turntables. It addresses the lack of established methods for steeper bremsbergs and slopes, especially where dip angles exceed those commonly consi…
This paper examines protection methods for three-phase induction motors operating with one stator phase interrupted, a failure mode especially important in unattended or noisy mining installations. It compares protection principles based on slip, overcurrent, thermal effects, loss of line current, v…
The paper addresses the problem of predicting and controlling the chemical composition of metal deposited during automatic welding and surfacing, especially for high-alloy tool steels where conventional alloying through wire, flux additions, or paste gives limited or unstable results. It proposes ca…
This study examines automatic surfacing of high-speed steels based on R9 compositions, additionally alloyed with carbon, vanadium, molybdenum, titanium, and tungsten, in order to improve deposited cutting tools. Experimental deposits were produced using ferroalloy bars, then assessed by chemical ana…
This paper examines dynamic stresses in self-metering loading devices of coal-mine skip hoisting installations, focusing on impact loads that arise when a skip lands on the metering carriage. It compares common gate, carriage, and linkage arrangements, argues that conventional static design calculat…
This paper reports laboratory and production studies conducted from 1950 to 1955 on the scooping of rock by periodic-action loading machines, addressing the low bucket filling and reduced productivity observed in common Soviet loaders. Using full-scale buckets on a UMP-1 test stand, the authors exam…
This paper reports laboratory tests on the RP-17 pneumatic drilling hammer to determine how feed force and compressed-air pressure affect drilling speed, stability, and the working process in sandstone and granite. The authors measure drilling rate, blow frequency, drill rotation angle, hammer-body …
The article develops calculation methods for electropneumatic impact machines, using a hammer with a one-sided air connection as the main example. It interprets the machine as an oscillatory system with self-oscillating features, relates phase-plane limiting cycles and energy balance to the working …
This paper surveys electropneumatic impact machines as an alternative to pneumatic and spring electromechanical hammers for mining, forging, construction, and related material processing tasks. It classifies machines with crank and connecting rod drives according to the elastic air linkage between p…
This paper reviews feed devices for pneumatic drilling hammers in mining, focusing on the conditions required for high drilling rates, stable hammer operation, reduced drill rotation resistance, and lower bit and rod wear. It compares pneumatic supports, piston, screw, chain, and rack feed mechanism…
This paper examines how underground coal-mine working dimensions, blast-hole arrangements, and drilling practices constrain the design dimensions of drilling rigs and feeders. It reviews typical cross sections of single-track and double-track workings, analyzes common cut patterns, and derives formu…
This paper describes an experimental methodology for studying the working process of pneumatic drilling hammers, with emphasis on piston kinematics and related energy quantities during drilling and idle operation. It presents a recording device for obtaining piston-stroke diagrams and recoil diagram…
This paper reports experimental investigations of the impact unit of a TEMZ-EM electropneumatic drilling hammer intended to reduce reliance on costly compressed air in hard-rock drilling. Using a laboratory installation with controlled impact, rotation, feed, and flushing systems, the authors drille…
This study examines the working processes of the OM-506 pneumatic drilling hammer as functions of feed force and supplied air pressure, both at idle and during drilling. Using experimental piston-stroke and rebound diagrams for sandstone and granite, the authors analyze stroke length, cycle timing, …
This paper reports laboratory experiments on rational feed forces for the PM-508 pneumatic rock drill during horizontal blasthole drilling in rocks of differing strength, including sandstone, marble, granite, and diabase. Using controlled air pressures of 4, 5, and 6 atm and standardized drill steel…
This paper presents a laboratory methodology for studying how axial feed force affects the drilling rate of pneumatic rock drills, with the broader aim of establishing parameters for effective automatic feeding devices. It specifies the experimental conditions to be varied, including air pressure, r…
This report summarizes a 1955 Leningrad scientific and technical conference devoted to drilling and blasting technology, particularly the design, production, testing, and operation of pneumatic drilling hammers and tools. It reviews discussions among industrial plants, research institutes, and opera…
This paper examines methods for determining the required power of electric motors for mine hoisting installations operating under repeated short-time, variable loads. It compares several empirical formulas for effective operating time used in root-mean-square load calculations, using example skip ho…
This paper evaluates the suitability of the existing Soviet standard series of double-drum mine hoisting machines for cargo hoists in Kuzbass mines, where high output is combined with relatively shallow hoisting depths. Using data from 38 hoisting installations and calculations of winding surface, d…
The paper examines how to select a rational operating mode for unbalanced skip hoisting installations when energy efficiency and installed motor power impose conflicting requirements. Using analytical relations for hoist efficiency, speed factor, acceleration, rope weight, motor overload, and cycle …
The paper addresses the lack of a unified procedure for testing pneumatic fans used in local mine ventilation, a problem that prevents reliable comparison, design improvement, and operational calculation of fan units. It proposes a methodology, adopted at the Tomsk Electromechanical Plant, covering …
This paper examines the problem of controlling elevated air temperatures in deep mines, focusing on heat added by ventilation systems as well as by surrounding rock and other underground processes. It critically evaluates a proposal to reduce heating by sending part of the intake air through a separ…
This paper examines the mismatch between dewatering well capacity and the capacity of deep artesian pumps used in hydraulic engineering construction. Using Abramov’s formula for well water transmission, Krasnopolsky’s formula for well discharge, and comparative drilling cost data, it evaluates wells…
This paper examines how to assess the accuracy of measured angles in triangulation networks developed by the method of geodetic resections, where conventional estimation from triangle misclosures is not directly applicable because only two angles are measured in each triangle. It reviews rigorous le…
This paper presents a graph-analytical procedure for preliminary estimation of the accuracy of triangulation side transfer during network design and reconnaissance. It reformulates existing reciprocal-weight computations for intersection triangulation and solid-triangle chains in terms of measurable…
This paper examines the use of a horizontal line of sight in large-scale plane-table topographic surveying as a means to reduce field operations and computation in taking stadia points. It develops checks and error estimates for Kipregels equipped with telescope levels, including reversible levels, …
This paper examines the use and design development of metal cribs for roof control in coal longwalls, using operational experience from the Kapitalnaya 1 mine. It compares partial stowing, timber organ supports, metal cribs, and clusters of metal props in terms of safety, labor input, timber savings…
This paper examines the factors governing the selection of mine ventilation methods, schemes, and systems, with particular attention to the mining and geological conditions of the Kuznetsk Basin. It argues that gas content, susceptibility to spontaneous combustion, dust hazards, seam geometry, depth…
This paper addresses the selection of mine ventilation fans operating in parallel in different shafts, a problem made difficult by complex network branches whose pressure characteristics may intersect fan characteristics at multiple points and thus produce unstable regimes. It derives expressions fo…
This article reviews the historical development of principles, methods, and formulas for calculating concentrated explosive charges in mining blasting, with attention to normal throw, reduced throw, loosening, and compression charges. It compares early charge formulas based on crater geometry and pr…
This paper addresses terminology for layered methods of mining thick inclined and steeply dipping coal seams, especially in the Kuzbass and Prokopyevsk-Kiselevsk districts. Reviewing practical variants such as descending and ascending inclined layers, diagonal layers, herringbone and half-herringbon…
This paper examines how protective pillars affect the long-term stability of hoisting shafts when opening deep coal deposits with thick, steeply dipping seams, with particular attention to the Prokopyevsk-Kiselevsk district of Kuzbass. Using mine data on coal losses, rates of deepening, shaft deform…
This paper examines how to determine the order and sequence of mining closely spaced, steeply dipping coal seams, where extraction of one seam affects the stability and workability of adjacent seams. It defines criteria for identifying closely spaced seams, analyzes the sphere of influence of worked…
The paper addresses the seasonal limitation of filling mined-out spaces through surface subsidence openings in the shield mining system used in the Prokopyevsk and Kiselevsk district of Kuzbass. It argues that winter interruptions can be reduced by preparing and stockpiling backfill material in adva…
This paper addresses the design problem of determining annual output for a coal mine located in a field with limited reserves, where the chosen capacity directly fixes the mine’s service life. It critiques the prevailing cost-minimization method, arguing that its cost function yields too broad an op…
