SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This study examines how solution pH affects the ammonium amalgam effect used to enhance the sensitivity of amalgam polarography with accumulation. The author analyzes ammonium salt hydrolysis and ammonium hydroxide dissociation, then measures pH changes during electrolysis and the growth kinetics of…
This paper examines how ammonium ion concentration affects the growth kinetics of an ammonium amalgam droplet, a factor relevant to the ammonium amalgam effect and to analytical peak height. A simple model relates the cube of the droplet radius to ammonium ion activity and predicts that the proporti…
This paper examines how electrolysis potential affects the ammonium amalgam effect, emphasizing that under these conditions the applied cell voltage cannot be identified directly with the cathode potential because large currents produce a significant ohmic voltage drop. Using polarization relations …
This study examines the use of peat as a reducing agent for iron ore in peat, ore granules, motivated by the search for alternatives to metallurgical coke in direct reduction processes. Using derivatography in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 5°C per minute, the authors recorded thermal, w…
Experiments were conducted to determine heat transfer from an immersed heated cylindrical surface to vibrofluidized beds of corundum and quartz sand, addressing the lack of generalized data for such systems. Using a vibrating column without gas blowing, the study varied vibration amplitude and frequ…
This paper investigates induction heating and drying of bulk dielectric materials, especially finely dispersed and caking powders, by adding inert metallic particles that act as distributed heat sources under an electromagnetic field. Experiments with quartz sand and white corundum at 2500 Hz and 20…
This paper examines how to determine the rate constant of a first-order chemical reaction conducted under nonisothermal conditions with continuously increasing temperature. Using the reaction surface concept and the kinetic equation for a first-order process, the authors avoid a difficult Lagrange m…
This paper evaluates acid and electrothermal methods for producing phosphoric acid as a basis for developing phosphate fertilizer production in Western Siberia. Using technical and economic comparisons of regional phosphate deposits, sulfuric acid supply options, energy costs, capital investment, pr…
This article evaluates the phosphate raw material base needed to support development of the phosphate fertilizer industry in Western Siberia, where agriculture was poorly supplied with mineral fertilizers and depended on imports from other Soviet regions. Using projected demand, reserve estimates, a…
This paper examines the dispersion properties of a double-row ladder accelerating structure in a circular waveguide, a system considered suitable when the accelerating-field frequency varies during acceleration. The authors compare experimental measurements with an approximate calculation that repla…
This paper examines the use of neutron activation analysis for rapid determination of fluorite content in surface mine workings, as an alternative to laborious sampling and chemical analysis during reserve estimation. The authors analyze the relevant fluorine activation reactions, interfering isotop…
This paper examines whether sections of diaphragm-loaded waveguides with cutoff waveguides at their ends can serve as large-aperture accelerating systems for high-energy electron synchrotrons. The authors analyze electron losses from quantum radiation fluctuations as a function of radio-frequency ha…
This paper describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a cylindrical rotary electrostatic generator using rod-type metallic conveyors embedded in a dielectric rotor. The authors outline manufacturing methods for rotors and stators using epoxy-based insulating and weakly conducting materials, t…
The paper examines the energy and current relationship between electrostatic generators using rod-shaped conductor conveyors embedded in a dielectric rotor and generators with a dielectric conveyor. It argues, using capacitance-based expressions and analogies with the maximum short-circuit current o…
This paper experimentally examines how rotor, stator, and brush gap sizes affect the maximum short-circuit current of a single-disk rod-type electrostatic generator operating in saturation regimes not readily described by linear analytical models. Measurements under atmospheric conditions compare co…
This paper compares calculated and experimental short-circuit characteristics of a single-disk rod electrostatic generator operating with a weakly conducting glass stator, extending earlier validation performed under metallic stator conditions. The authors measured short-circuit current characterist…
This paper describes a current integrator developed for proton dosimetry in radiation-chemical studies, where accurate absorbed-dose estimation requires reliable measurement of time-varying proton flux. The device converts the measured charged-particle current into a pulse sequence using an electrom…
A modified proton irradiation method for radiation-chemical studies is described to address post-irradiation annealing during experiments on ionic salts at elevated temperatures. The authors developed a remotely controlled heated irradiation cell for use with an extracted cyclotron proton beam, inco…
This paper describes a relay-based automatic control circuit for moving a point collector along three mutually perpendicular axes in order to measure and record the average current density distribution of an electron beam within a investigated volume. The scheme uses DC micromotors, limit switches, …
This paper examines whether a streamer spark chamber can be used to study radioactive decay processes, particularly when multiple decay modes, short half-lives, or low induced activities make conventional observation difficult. The authors describe a test experiment in which a cobalt-60 source was p…
The paper estimates the contribution of rho meson exchange to eta meson photoproduction on protons at photon energies where peripheral diagrams may become important. Using rho photon analogy and an effective rho eta gamma coupling chosen from SU(6) considerations, the authors derive an invariant amp…
The paper describes a proposed and partially prepared method for producing polarized, quasi-monoenergetic gamma quanta at the Sirius synchrotron by Compton scattering ruby-laser photons from relativistic electrons. It estimates attainable photon energies, energy selection by collimation, expected yi…
This paper describes the design and operation of a vacuum pumping station for pumping and conditioning sealed electrovacuum devices, including small betatron chambers, discharge tubes, and experimental diodes. The station combines conventional RVN-20 mechanical and TsVL-100 diffusion pumps with a ti…
This paper analyzes the focusing properties of a charged particle beam passing through a bending magnet with parallel entrance and exit boundaries, proposed as an alternative to a sector magnet used for cyclotron beam deflection. Under small angle approximations and assuming no effect on vertical mo…
This paper investigates whether additional focusing by microwave fields can increase electron capture in a betatron, where major particle losses occur during and shortly after injection. The authors describe the design and calculation of a bent waveguide resonator operating in an H110 mode, its inte…
This paper examines an accelerating system for an autoresonance electron accelerator using a large cross section rectangular waveguide to reduce the phase velocity of the H10 wave and extend the effective acceleration region. It describes the design of a 120 by 110 mm waveguide section, initially ma…
A pulsed microwave generator is described for experiments on additional focusing of an electron beam by microwave fields during capture into acceleration in a betatron. The apparatus is based on a mechanically tunable high-power magnetron supplied by a forming-line modulator, with water and air cool…
This paper compares dispersion equations for rectangular diaphragm-loaded waveguides derived by variants of the normal-wave method with experimental data for an LE11 mode chamber. It reviews integral-equation formulations that account for diaphragm-edge singularities, including a quasistatic approxi…
This paper addresses the estimation of internal mechanical stresses in polymer electrical insulation, which can promote microcracking and reduce breakdown lifetime. It proposes an approximate method based on an insulation life curve equation, using experimental time to breakdown data at several elec…
This article examines natural curling and fragmentation of large-section steel chips during turning and vertical-lathe machining, motivated by safety and productivity problems caused by long, unbroken chips in heavy engineering. Experiments on steel 40 using a T5K10 carbide cutter varied cutting spe…
This paper addresses quality control of smooth rolled products from light section rolling mills, where inspection must occur immediately after the final stand despite high product temperature, high speed, and axial displacement. It argues that contact, ultrasonic, and radiation methods are unsuitabl…
This paper analyzes how connecting an eddy-current feed-through sensor to a parallel oscillatory circuit affects sensitivity to changes in the electrical conductivity of a cylindrical nonmagnetic workpiece, a case relevant to crack detection under weak skin-effect conditions. The authors derive expr…
This paper proposes a functional converter for real-time computation of elementary and related functions using polynomial approximation in the orthogonal Walsh function basis. It argues that, because Walsh functions take only the values plus or minus one, function evaluation can be reduced to determ…
This paper addresses the construction of optimal filters for correlation based recognition systems using Walsh functions rather than classical trigonometric spectral representations. It formulates amplitude and phase characteristics for Walsh filters through expansions in even and odd Walsh function…
This paper describes a control device for a five-channel thyristor switch intended for commutation of single-phase or multiphase AC circuits using inverse-parallel thyristor power elements. The device classifies the input alternating voltage into five preset levels through relay elements with differ…
This paper examines a push-pull thyristor AC voltage stabilizer using an autotransformer tap-commutation scheme intended to reduce the required rated power of the controlled valves. The authors derive relations for transformation ratios, commutated currents, output voltage, and permissible thyristor…
This paper proposes a method for assessing defects in the insulation of low-voltage electrical machine windings, including impregnated windings for which earlier extracted-sample methods are not applicable. It models defects as insulation sections whose breakdown voltage corresponds to flashover ove…
The article proposes a quantitative criterion for assessing the manufacturing technology of induction motors, addressing the absence of an objective method for comparing production processes across plants or evaluating technological changes. It models each motor assembly or part as a set of controll…
This paper experimentally investigates heat-transfer coefficients for the armature elements of low-power direct-current machines, including the active part, end-winding parts, and commutator. Using mock-up machines with independently controlled electric heaters and adjustable cooling airflow, the au…
The paper examines how electronic digital computers can support the design of automated monitoring systems for complex control and information processing equipment. It argues that the synthesis of such systems should combine designer judgment with computer-assisted modeling, optimization, and compar…
This paper proposes a tube based linearly varying voltage generator intended for analog to digital converters and related pulse applications requiring highly linear, high amplitude ramp voltages. The circuit combines positive feedback with an independent compensation method that controls the resista…
The paper examines how to define and calculate the efficiency and reliability of instrument-based monitoring circuits for digital devices. Using a state table for combinations of faults in the main circuit, faults in the monitoring circuit, and the monitor output signal, it formulates probabilistic …
This paper describes an electronic model of the peripheral auditory system intended to study signal coding at the level of the auditory nerve. The model combines a multipath filter block, representing the basilar membrane, with sensitive threshold elements, representing the sensory field, under the …
A broadband four-phase oscillator is analyzed with the aim of improving the accuracy of voltage quadrature over a wide frequency range without relying on highly precise passive and magnetic components. The paper proposes using a built-in automatic checking system with photoconverter-based rms sum-di…
This paper analyzes amplitude stability and self-modulation in self-excited oscillators that use inertial nonlinear elements such as incandescent lamps or thermistors for amplitude limiting. It proposes a large-signal mathematical model relating the dynamic resistance of the inertial element to curr…
This paper addresses the measurement of electric power quality, specifically deviations of supply voltage from permissible or optimal values. It argues that conventional probabilistic, time weighted assessments are insufficient for evaluating the economic effects of voltage deviations, and proposes …
This paper proposes a differential protection scheme for busbars using ferromagnetic current transducers and restraint by the sum of connection currents. It describes the transducer arrangement, which converts three-phase fault currents into voltage signals with harmonic content suitable for detecti…
This paper develops a complex-method calculation for periodic processes in a ferromagnetic current converter whose current-transformer secondary windings are star connected and whose converter primary windings form an equal-arm zigzag. Under simplifying assumptions that neglect leakage fluxes, hyste…
This paper proposes a three-phase single-system power direction element for directional protection of parallel lines, using ferromagnetic current and voltage transducers based on frequency tripler arrangements. Because the transducer outputs may be substantially nonsinusoidal, the authors develop a …
