SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
The paper addresses how to formulate initial equations for dynamic stability calculations of electric power systems using Lyapunov functions, noting limitations of positional idealizations during electromechanical transients. It proposes combining numerical integration with Lyapunov qualitative crit…
This article examines anti-communist critiques of Soviet education that contrast Marxist-Leninist upbringing with supposedly universal human educational values. Arguing from a Marxist-Leninist perspective, the authors contend that education in any class society transmits ideological and political va…
This article examines the philosophical and worldview premises underlying bourgeois theories of education, treating the perceived crisis of education as inseparable from the crisis of bourgeois thought. It argues that competing educational currents, including pragmatism, behaviorism, existentialism,…
The article examines how Soviet higher education institutions can involve students more systematically in inventive work as part of the broader integration of teaching, research, and patent activity. It distinguishes between technical assistance and genuinely creative student research, arguing that …
This article examines the problem of assessing the accuracy of primary sociological information in empirical research, using a 1969 to 1971 study of Tomsk Polytechnic Institute graduates as its main example. It distinguishes three principal sources of error: data collection methods, measurement of s…
This article examines student dropout in Soviet higher education as a sociological problem linked to the training of qualified specialists, economic costs, and the social composition of student bodies. Reviewing studies from the 1920s and from the renewed sociological research of the 1960s, it evalu…
This article examines businesslike efficiency as a defining feature of Party leadership style in technical higher educational institutions in Western Siberia. It clarifies the concept of leadership style, distinguishes it from strategy and tactics, and presents efficiency as the unity of conception …
This article examines self-government in the primary student collective as a necessary function arising from joint academic and social activity. It analyzes the structure of student governance, the distribution and overlap of functions among group monitors, Komsomol organizers, and trade-union organ…
This article examines the concept of aesthetic need within Marxist aesthetics and critiques definitions that reduce it to a desire for beauty or creativity according to the laws of beauty. Through engagement with contemporary Soviet debates on the beautiful, the aesthetic, emotion, value, and social…
This article examines the role of aesthetic education in Soviet higher education, with particular attention to technical institutions, during the transition from socialism to communism. It traces historical obstacles to systematic aesthetic upbringing, identifies continuing objective and subjective …
This article examines education as a social phenomenon shaped by the scientific and technological revolution and by the requirements of socialist development. It defines education as process, result, and system, then argues that scientific knowledge becomes a productive force only when assimilated t…
This article examines professional labor under the scientific and technological revolution as a factor in the formation of the “new human” in socialist society. It argues, within a Marxist-Leninist framework, that technological change intellectualizes labor, expands the role of scientific and techni…
This article examines how the scientific and technological revolution affects Soviet approaches to combating crime, arguing that modern social development requires more scientific, rational, democratic, and humanistic forms of criminal justice. It focuses on the 1970 decree introducing conditional s…
This article examines conflict situations in research organizations as a social and managerial problem arising under conditions of expanding, differentiated scientific labor. It distinguishes conflicts rooted in scientific disagreement from production and labor conflicts linked to administration, ro…
This article examines incentive pay for scientific and teaching personnel in Soviet higher education, emphasizing the role of universities as research centers and the need to connect material rewards with the effectiveness of scientific work. It argues that existing bonus funds, often tied mechanica…
This article examines how the distinctive features of scientific labor under socialism affect wage organization in research institutions. It argues that the creative, uncertain, and temporally asynchronous character of research weakens the direct link between individual labor expenditures and final …
This article examines how scientific and technological progress affects the utilization of labor resources in socialist expanded reproduction, with particular attention to labor shortages in Siberia, the Far East, and Tomsk Oblast. It argues that mechanization and new technology can create temporari…
This article analyzes the engineering intelligentsia as a distinct socio-professional group within socialist society, focusing on its place in the socialist mode of production, the social division of labor, and relations with other social strata. Arguing against technocratic interpretations that tre…
This article examines occupational and skill mobility as a condition for improving the structure of the industrial workforce under rapid technical progress. Using Marxist political economy, Soviet statistical materials, occupational censuses, and enterprise survey data, it analyzes changes in the di…
The article examines how to assess the economic potential of applied scientific research, understood as the expected economic effect of introducing research results into production through new machines, instruments, materials, and processes. It criticizes prevailing methods for understating efficien…
This article examines the relationship between technological progress and technical and economic performance in the Soviet logging industry. Using statistical data and examples from logging enterprises, it argues that rapid mechanization and rising capital equipment did not consistently produce prop…
The article examines the introduction of completed scientific research into production as a distinct stage between scientific activity and industrial use, and as a sphere mediating the relation between science and production. It argues that this stage requires separate economic analysis, including a…
This paper examines the industrial assimilation of scientific and technological achievements as a central condition for raising productivity and fulfilling Soviet economic planning goals in the early 1970s. It argues that science should be understood not only as a source of ready-made knowledge for …
This article examines how scientific and technological progress changes the criteria for introducing and renewing equipment under socialism. It argues that, unlike capitalism, socialist planning must evaluate new machinery not only by labor savings and lower production costs, but also by broader soc…
This article examines science planning in the context of the scientific and technological revolution, arguing that research serving material production has become an integral part of social reproduction and should be planned accordingly. It distinguishes phases of scientific activity, including theo…
This article examines how scientific and technological progress affects the relation between necessary and surplus labor under socialism. Drawing on Marxist political economy, it argues that socialist public ownership changes but does not eliminate the relevance of this relation, since national econ…
This article examines how scientific and technological progress changes the nature and content of labor under socialism, arguing that these concepts must be distinguished analytically. It defines the nature of labor as a social category shaped by production relations, while the content of labor conc…
This article examines the economic form of the material products of science within a Marxist political economy framework, focusing on how scientific discoveries, inventions, and developments enter social production and national wealth. It argues that science does not itself create final material pro…
This article argues for a systemic and sociological analysis of science as a specific social institution, rather than treating it only as a form of social consciousness or a system of knowledge. It defines science through its object, social role, functions, and structure, including its technical bas…
This paper examines how metallic conveyor rods embedded in the rotor affect calculation of the electric field in a capacitive direct-current generator. Building on an approximate variational method for the stator potential, it replaces the rods by an equivalent dielectric layer whose permittivity is…
This paper derives conditions for minimizing total active power losses, and hence maximizing efficiency, in compensated long-distance transmission lines with intermediate systems when active power flows in adjacent sections are unequal. Using a loss function for two line sections, it obtains coordin…
This paper examines the reliability and electrical safety of flexible 6 kV excavator cables used in open-pit mining, focusing on failures of metallic shielding braids under severe mechanical service conditions. The authors analyze how repeated bending, torsion, and tension produce fatigue and deform…
This paper examines lighting conditions for precision inspection work on products with strong specular reflection, where conventional combined lighting may provide high illuminance but an unfavorable brightness distribution. The authors argue for a combined lighting system with intensified general l…
This paper examines deficiencies in the lighting of the filament inspection area at the Tomsk Electric Lamp Plant, where highly precise visual work was being performed under low illuminance, uneven brightness distribution, glare, and substantial light pulsation. The authors describe a reconstruction…
This paper estimates the electrical parameters and power supply requirements of a large full cycle metallurgical plant with an annual steel capacity of approximately 10 to 12 million tons. Drawing on design experience for metallurgical plants in Siberia and the Far East, it compares past, current, a…
This paper examines the use of controlled static reactive power sources for operational regulation of load current at an aluminum plant converter substation. It derives regulating characteristics and element power requirements for two arrangements, with the reactive source connected in series or in …
This paper addresses the inefficient practice of operating all industrial synchronous motors at full compensating capability without regard to compensation costs, electrical distance, or voltage quality. It develops an optimization framework that minimizes total equivalent losses in industrial load …
This paper examines the selection of independent backup power supply sources for load nodes whose consumers differ in reliability and power quality requirements. It compares backup options according to permissible interruption duration, load size, and allowable voltage and frequency deviations, rang…
The paper presents a simplified method for estimating three-phase and single-phase short-circuit currents in industrial shop distribution networks up to 1000 V, where conventional calculations require summing active and inductive resistances of many network elements. The method derives practical for…
This paper examines excitation control laws for generators in intermediate power systems used as controllable reactive power sources on long-distance AC transmission lines. Using static response characteristics and linearized power-balance equations, it analyzes how control by voltage, transmission …
This paper addresses the selection of compensating device parameters for long-distance high-voltage power transmission lines that include intermediate systems, under specified transfer capacity and static stability constraints. It develops an analytical approach that represents intermediate systems …
This paper examines optimal voltage and reactive power control for compensated long-distance AC transmission lines with an intermediate system operating in a self-balancing mode. It derives loss-minimizing conditions for reactive power flows, compensating-device conductances, and nodal voltages, inc…
The paper examines how the level of short-circuit currents in 6 to 20 kV distribution networks affects reliability, voltage quality, losses, equipment requirements, and overall economic performance. It formulates the choice of reactor ratings and network schemes as a techno-economic optimization pro…
This paper describes the use of an analog device to determine the economically optimal location of a power supply source in distribution networks whose radial line sections run parallel to rectangular coordinate axes. The authors show that the cost function for such networks can be minimized by appl…
The paper discusses protection of unit-connected generator stator windings against ground faults, emphasizing the need to eliminate the neutral-side dead zone inherent in zero-sequence voltage protection. It describes operating experience with a direct-current based protection scheme at the Irkutsk …
The paper examines the design optimization of low-power high-voltage transformers, particularly units of several kVA for voltages up to about 100 kV using oil-barrier insulation. It proposes a cascaded high-voltage winding insulation scheme to reduce average interlayer insulation thickness and formu…
The paper examines the harmonic composition of current and voltage in a ferromagnetic voltage converter used to transform a balanced three-phase voltage system into a single-phase output for relay-protection applications. Under assumptions neglecting hysteresis and eddy-current losses, the authors a…
This paper addresses the optimization of high-voltage smoothing reactors on PL-type cores, whose increased insulation requirements lead to substantial weight and dimensions. The authors derive dimensionless technical and economic indicators for reactor weight and overall volume under two common desi…
This paper analyzes the harmonic composition of currents and output voltages in a ferromagnetic voltage converter operating under asymmetric three-phase voltage conditions, such as faults or open-phase regimes. Using a complex-variable formulation of the converter equations and Newton’s method for t…
This paper develops a graph analytical method for calculating relay effects in a series ferroresonant circuit while accounting for the active voltage component of the choke due to steel losses. Using rms volt ampere characteristics and static and differential active and reactive resistances, it deri…
